Nursing ethics Essay

For the purpose of this appellative, morality in comparison to nursing will be discussed. moral philosophy A enroll of rationales g e verywherening body correct behaviour, which in the nursing profession includes behaviour towards diligents and their families, visitorsand colleagues (Oxford Dictionary of breast feeding 2004).This assignment will consider shore leave as identified in a practice placement, exclusively will too look concisely at the honourable principle of non-malefience that is relevant in this assignment. It will too closely look at this issue and will describe how the principles of ethics apply to practice. In accordance with the suckle and tocology Council (NMC 2004).Any names of patients referred to in this assignment afford been changed to protect their confidentiality. The NMC states as a registered breastfeed you must(prenominal)(prenominal) guard against breaches of confidentiality by protecting teaching from improper revealing at eve ry times. The placement referred to in this assignment is an Elderly mentally Infirm (EMI) home, which is located on Merseyside.The United Kingdom Central midwifery and Health visiting Council (UKCC 2002, clause 6)). Which is now kn protest as The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) Also state that Health C ar superiors should recognize the paying attention the uniqueness and dignity of each patient and client, and respond to their need for look at irrespective of their ethnic origin, religious beliefs, personal attri savees, the nature if their wellness problems or all other factor.Autonomy (Greek Auto-Nomos nomos meaning jurisprudence iodin who gives oneself his own law) means freedom from external authority Wikipedia, cyclopedia (2004).On this placement, there were whatsoever(prenominal) examples of how impropriety influenced c are rescue this assignment will address two of these examples. The first incident involved an lxxx six year old lady called Betty, who suff ered with severe dementia, the Practice nurse from her surgery was coming into the home to administer the flu injection to her and several other clients. It had been recorded in Bettys case nones that she had had a business ofneedles in the past and had refused several injections before her mental health had deteriorated, Does an autonomous decision suck in to be rational? In the ideal of liberty day to -day decisions should be rational, i.e. consistent with the persons flavor plans Hope, Savulescu and Hendrick, (2003 p 34).Betty had no living relatives to contact to discuss her give-and-take. Patients suffering with dementia cannot ever so exercise liberty. A client may be mentally helpless for various reasons. These may be temporary reasons, such as the put of sedatory medicines, or longer-term reasons such as mental illness. It is important to remember that capacitor may fluctuate, sometimes over short periods, and should therefore be on a regular basis reassessed by the clinical team treating the client. The principles of consent continue to apply to each medicinal drug for conditions not related to the mental disorder for which they are existence hard-boiled. The assessment of their capacity to consent to or refuse such medication therefore remains important.The NMC (2004) recognises that this is a complex issue that has provoked general concern. It involves the fundamental principles of patient and client autonomy and consent to preaching, which are stigmatize out in common law and statute and underpinned by the piece Rights Act 1998.The principle of respect for autonomy entails taking into account and giving consideration to the patients views on his or her treatment. Autonomy is not an all or nothing concept, an initial step maintaining Bettys autonomy may be to clarify all the facts in the case, for example does Betty have any understanding of the risks of not having this treatment?Her mental illness means that she is unlikely to be competent to consent or refuse the injection, but an attempt should be made to explain to her, in terms that she could understand, what the treatment would involve and what the outcome would be without treatment. Has her autonomy been enhanced as very much as is possible? If the conclusion is that she is unable to understand the consequences of non-treatment, or that her apprehension of needles is stopping her evaluating the risks, then she will not be competent to tie a decision. However, this does not mean that her fears and concerns should not beacknowledged.Mill (1982) states ..the lonesome(prenominal) purpose for which power can be genuinely exercised over any member of a civilised community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others. His own levelheaded, every physical or moral, is not a sufficient warrant. He cannot dutyfully be compelled to do or forbear because it will be soften for him to do so, because it will make him happier, because, in the public opi nion of others to do so would be wise, or even right Mill (1982 p 68).The NMC (2004) autograph of Professional Conduct 3.3 states that, When obtaining valid consent, you must be sure that it is given(p) by a legally competent person, given voluntarily, and informed. exuberate (1983) suggests that it is the nurses responsibility to deliver care within the poser of agreed moral principles, for instance those reflected in the compute itself.The principle of non-malefience should also be considered in Bettys treatment, it would seem to be in her best(p) interests to be treated. If the injection is the proposed treatment, the balance of harms and benefits may be such that treatment would causes distress for a short time not such that her life is intolerable. If the decision is to give the injection, then once again respect for Bettys wishes and concerns should influence the approach to treatment so that her fears are mitigated as much as possible. All medication given heighttly mu st, be recorded in Bettys case notes for future reference this shows good nursing practice.According to Wikipedia, Encyclopedia. (2006). Primum non nocere is a Latin phrase that means First, do no harm. The phrase is sometimes recorded as primum nil nocereIt is one of the principal precepts all medical and nursing students are being taught in medical school. It reminds a healthcare professional that he or she must consider the possible harm that any intervention might do. It is virtually often mentioned when debating use of an intervention with an obvious chance of harm but a less certain chance of benefit.Another example of how autonomy influenced care delivery on this placement was, the entire patients case notes where locked away at the nurses station and the trained nurse had the key, if anybody essential the notes the trained nurse had to either get them or issue the key, which had to be returned straight away. This involved the principle of autonomy but also the principle of non-malefience. In any situation where confidentiality is breached, the nurse or doctor must be prepared to excuse his or her decision before the universal medical examination Council.Respect for patient autonomy (deontological theory)The principle of respect for patient autonomy acknowledges the right of a patient to have control over his or her own life, and this would include the right to decide who should have rag to his or her personal information. Where the basis for the duty of confidentiality is the principle of respect for autonomy any breach of confidentiality means that the patients autonomy has not been respected, whether or not the patient is aware of the breach. Now due to The license of information act 2000, which came into force in January 2005, patients and carers now have the right to ask to see confidential records.There are exceptions to the confidentially clause and the principles addressed in this assignment. The National Health Service (NHS) Confidential ity, Code of Practice. This provides generic wine guidance where there is a need to disclose information that identifies an several(prenominal) and that information is held under a legal obligation of confidentiality.The issues to be considered and the prehend steps to take can be ascertained by functional through the model and referenced text refers to appendix one, two, three. A honk of information disclosure scenarios can be found in NHS Code of Conduct Confidentially (2003). These reference and illustrate the model that can be used to aid decision-making. They highlight issues relating to particular decisions, e.g. disclosure to NHS managers or to the police. It is hoped that they cover many of the circumstances that staff currently have to deal with (NHS 2003).In 1997, the part of Health published the Caldicott Report (On the Review of Patient-Identifiable entropy). It considered the flow ofidentifiable patient information and recommended that confidentiality should be safeguarded by anonymising health data, where possible. Each NHS organisation must have a guardian (normally a senior health professional) to oversee all procedures affecting access to person-identifiable information DOH Caldicott report (1997).The NMC code of professional conduct A streamer for conduct performance and ethics (2004) requires each registrant to act at all times in such a behavior as to justify public trust and confidence. Registrants are personally accountable for their practice and, in the exercise of professional accountability, must work in an open and co-operative manner with patients/clients and their families, foster their independence, and recognise and respect their involvement in the planning and delivery of care.According to Beauchamp and Childress (2001) there are four principles, which are the most widely used framework and offers a broad consideration of medical ethics issues generally, not just for use in a clinical setting. Ethics are also applied t o every day living, and that everybody has their own opinion of what is right or wrong, to quote Hinchliff, Norman & Schober (2003) getting in touch with ones personal value base is a crucial first step in the study of nursing ethics.After considering these four Principles, which are general guides that, leave considerable get on for judgement in specific cases. Respect for autonomy respecting the decision-making capacities of autonomous persons modify individuals to make reasoned informed choices. Beneficence this considers the balancing of benefits of treatment against the risks and cost the healthcare professional should act in a way that benefits the patient. Non-maleficence avoiding the designer of harm, the healthcare professional should not harm the patient. All treatment involves some harm, even if minimal, but the harm should not be disproportionate to the benefits of treatment. umpire distributing benefits, risks and costs fairly the notion that patients in similar pos itions should be treated in a similar manner (Beauchamp and Childress 2001).This assignment claims that ethics are an important part influence in thedelivery of care, but are also a very complex subject, and often leads the Healthcare Professional to examine their own ethical values, it is recommended that a wide range of culture is required to clarify the subject save.After examining the subject further, it is clear that that in the work place a majority of the delivery of care is, think with the patients before it is put into practice, which try s to ensure that ethical principles are followed. Professional practice and ethics are changing every day, and it is a complex subject it is also debatable how different people envision ethics. Ethics is also about questioning our own and others practice dispute our own and others practice requires courage and vigilance Kenworthy, Snowy, & Gilling (2006).Reflection on ones own and other peoples ethical values is a very useful part of continuing learning throughout both locomote and life, and as a health care professional we must have a good knowledge of nursing ethics and use this in practice rather than personal opinion. In addition, with such issues as euthanasia and cloning, in the news almost every day the ethical pressures on the nursing and medical profession grows stronger. Nurses are seeking to develop further their knowledge of ethics and are increasing their ability to recognise ethical issues in practice.REFERANCEBeauchamp, T. and Childress, J. (2001). Principles of biomedical ethics.Oxford Oxford University Press.Crow, J (1983).Professional responsibility. Nursing Timesi. 79, 19-21.Department of Health. (1998). Caldicott report. capital of the United Kingdom Department of Health.Department of Health. (2001f). The Essence of Care PatientFocused Benchmarking for Health Care Practitioners. RetrievedSeptember 27, 2006 capital of the United Kingdom www.doh.gov.uk/essanceofcare.htmDepartment of Health. ( 2003). NHScode of practice confidentiallyi (25 28). London Department of Health.Department of Health. (2001). Seeking consent working witholder people London Department of Health.Hinchliff, S. Norman, S. &Schober, J. (2003). Nursing practice and healthcare. London Arnold.Hope, T. Savulescu, J. hendrick, J. (2003). Medical ethics and the law,the core curriculum. Edinburgh Churchill Livingstone.Kenworthy, N. Snowley, G. & Gilling, C. (Eds.). (2006). Common foundation studies in nursing. (3rd ed.). Edinburgh Bailliere Tindall.Martin, E A (Ed.). (2004). Oxford dictionary of nursing. OxfordOxford university press.Mills, J (1982). On liberty. Harmondsworth Penguin.Nursing ethics. (n.d.). Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Retrieved October 26, 2006, from Reference.com website http//www.reference.com/browse/wiki/Nursing_ethicsNursing and Midwifery Council (2002) Code of Professional Conduct. London NMC.Nursing and Midwifery council. (2004). Standard for conduct, performanceand ethics. Londo n NMC.Payne, R (1992). Accountability in principle and practice. BritishJournal of Nursing. 1, p301-305.Roper, N., Logan, W.L. & Tierney, A.J. (2000). The Roper-Logan-Tierney model of nursing base on activities of living. Edinburgh Churchill Livingstone.United Kingdom Central Council. (1998). Guidelines for mentalhealth and learning disabilities nursing (12).London UKCC Publications.

As Planes Get Bigger, the Marketplace Gets More Competitive

Q1 Have you, or everyone you know, experienced a part similar to those described, where the trade organization exceeded your service expectations? If so, what do you think of the club now? Yes, I have a experienced a place that a marketing organization exceeded my service expectation. There was a give star sign in my hometown. Both the service and the taste of food were the outmatch because of some near(a) waiters and the top chefs, Whereas the price was relatively lower than new(prenominal) catering firms. As a result, it exceeded my expectation. I think that the catering firm has attracted more than new customers because of its opprobrium now. Regular customer can make again because of true(p) service and fine food.Q2. Do you think that any and every employee can be trained to want to give good service? If so, what form might that training nurse? If not, what should a follow do if it encounters major resistance?Not every employee can be trained to want to give good se rvice. To overcome major resistance, the marketing organization may change its strategy to raise the job delight of the employee and increase the productivity. Organization should employ some people who like this job. In addition, employees who atomic number 18 not eligibility should be trained again.Q3. Do you believe that customers are becoming more demanding? If they are too demanding, what might be the result for marketing organization?Yes, I believe that customers are become more demanding because some consumers who are high-income earners and better educated are indulged in good service. Marketing organizations need to offer the better service for their consumers Therefore, employees should receive the trump training to improve their service quality.Q4. Might marketing organizations be taking risks by raising customer expectations too high?Yes, marketing organizations may take risks when raising customer expectations.High expectations mean that marketing organizations wo uld outset to the challenge to achieve the customer satisfaction. When marketing organizations cannot satisfy customers expect, the relationship amid company and customer would break. As a result, marketing organizations may take risks.

The Global Hepatitis B Situation Health And Social Care Essay

Hepatitis B virus transmittance is one of the most haunt viral transmittings around the universe showing a major nomadic public tumesceness job. Nowadays, viral hepatitis is the most prima cause of coloured malignant neop at lastic disease and the most putting green ground for colorful organ transplant. An estimated 4.4million Americans be populating with chronic hepatitis and largely they do non cognize their transmission position. About 80,000 new contagious diseases occur each and every twelvemonth 1 . HBV infection is the tenth prima cause of decease worldwide world resulted in 500 000 to 1.2 million deceases per twelvemonth caused by chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma the last histories for 320 000 deceases per twelvemonth 2, 3 . Round about 15-40 % of septic people give birth to develop cirrhosis, colored failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) 4 . The incidence of HCC has increased worldwide, and forthwith it is the fifth most frequent malignant neoplastic disease histories for putting to death 300 000-500 000 people each twelvemonth 5 .Because of the naughty morbidness and mortality associated with end-stage liver disease, the economic load of hepatitis B infection is well high. Harmonizing to one US-based great deal of New England wellness aid databases, patients with CHB accounted for an norm of $ 40 512 in be over 2 old ages for wellness attention services and medicine 7, 8 . Both direct medical costs and indirect costs from work lost as serious liver jobs develop over a figure of old ages.To cut polish planetary HBV-related morbidity and mortality, community base control plan, mass immunization undertakings and efficacious treatments are indispensable. Although the population wellness Organization recommended the executions of mass immunisation plans, since 1991, that decreased the incidence of HBV infection, the preponderance of disease in less authentic county among babies, kids, and striplings are still need to take history 2 . The hepatitis B virus is 50 to 100 times more infective than human immunodeficiency virus and an of import occupational jeopardy for wellness workers.Hepatitis B in AsiaThe prevalence of HBV infection is well high in South-East Asia and Sub-Saharan cite it is assumed that 90 % of 360 million bearers of the virus globally are established in lesser developed states. Of the worldaaa?s bearers, 75 % are from the Asiatic continent, where between 8 % and 15 % of the state carry the virus. 8-15 % of the Asiatic continent carries the virus which accounts for 75 % of the worldaaa?s bearers 9 .The highest HBV infection among the universe is Asia-Pacific lot is, and chronic HBV infection in most of the states of that part is high ( & gt 10 % prevalence ) 10 . The infection rates in babies are really high in Thailand, China and Senegal with the prevalence of HBs Ag in serum may transcend 25 % . About 70-90 % of the population of South- east Asia part becomes HBV infected before the age of 40 and bearers are 8 to 20 % 11 .Hepatitis B in ThailandHBV infection is hyper-endemic in Thailand and thither are estimated 5 million bearers, 1 in every 20 people. Because of the deficiency of consciousness the infection rate is so high and however 15 % of those bearer people are being treat for the virus. Cancer is the major cause of decease among the Thai population and in 2006 entirely, 62000 deceases were reported 12 .Harmonizing to one sight conducted in 1986 shows the prevalence of HBV markers in general population varies from 40-60 % and estimated 10-20 % of kids between the ages 1-5 old ages have serologic suit of HBV infection and this prevalence increases with age making a tableland of 40-60 % by age 20. Approximately 75 % of the babes born to HBsAg & A HBeAg positive womanish parents become HBsAg positive at within three months after bringing. The prevalence of chronic bearer varies from 5-10 % and is highe st among age groups 10-30 old ages. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma is the first and tertiary most common malignant neoplastic disease among Thai citizens 13 .One ethno-epidemiological study for the HBV and HCV infections among seven minorities in a multi-ethnic centre, northerly Thailand ( 2002 ) studied for the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections by the usage of atom agglutination trials shows that general prevalence of HBs-Ag, anti-HBs and anti-HCV in the seven groups was 10.3, 33.0 and 3.8 % , severally. By look intoing the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in Thai heathen minorities and demonstrated that HBV was a more common infective agent found in these populations than HCV that showed that HBV and HCV infection are widely spread in rural cultural populations of northern Thailand. A comprehensive but community-based epidemiological study is required for the public wellness readying to command their related serious diseases was recommended in this survey 14 .A c ross-sectional survey was conducted for school-age kids who had no history of HBV inoculation in a emit socioeconomic community of Din-Daeng, Bangkok, to look into factors associated with the positiveness of HBV seromarkers. The consequences of this survey uttered the prevalence of HBV seromarkers was 24.85 % , the HBsAg bearer rate was 3.64 % , the anti-HBs positive rate was 15.15 % , and the prevalence of merely anti-HBc was 6.06 % . The consequences revealed the associated factors with HBV positiveness were ( a ) kid factors such as kid s age, sex, ear piercing in female, sharing blade during haircutting, contact lesion from former(a) individuals, utilizing wares with other individuals, seeking things in refuse, and ( B ) household factors such as older parent, parentsaaa? low instruction position, low household income, low parent s cognition and attitude about HBV infection and inoculation, ( P & lt 0.05 ) 15 .Migrant Workers in ThailandA recent molecular epidemiological sur vey essay to measure the seroprevalence of HBV and its familial variableness among migratory workers in Thailand from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar. The survey was conducted to indicate HBs Ag and sera were collected from 1,119 Kampuchean, 787 Laotian, and 1,103 Myanmar workers.The consequence of the survey showed the prevalence of HBsAg among migratory workers from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar was 10.8 % , 6.9 % , and 9.7 % , severally. This survey besides revealed that high prevalence of HBV infection ( about 7-11 % ) was found among migratory workers from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar, which may reflect the current seroprevalence in their several states 16 .Hepatitis B Situation in MyanmarMyanmar is besides regarded as a state with a high endemicity of HBV infection which is considered as an of import wellness issue by studies carried out among diametric population groups revealed HBsAg bearer rate of 10-12 % . In Myanmar, although there is possibility of horizontal transmittal through sharing of toothbrushes and razors and iatrogenic transmittal, the rectangular path of transmittal might be the commonest path by investigate surveies 17 . A big graduated table field survey carried out in the whole state showed the magnitude of hepatitis B infection that 10.4 % of the survey population were constituted by seropositive to hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBs Ag ) 18 . HBsAg bearer rate of 10-12 % was revealed by subsequent survey conducted among different population groups 19 .1. Centers for Disease sway and Prevention Hepatitis B virus A comprehensive scheme for extinguishing transmittal in the coupled States through cosmopolitan childhood inoculation recommendations of the immunisation patterns consultative committee ( ACIP ) . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 1991. 40, 1-19.2. World Health Organization The World Health Report, 1997, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.3. World Health Organization. Hepatitis B. World Health Organi zation Fact Sheet 204. ( Revised October 2000 ) .4. Lok, A. , Chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med, 2002. 346 ( 22 ) p. 1682-1683.5. Parkin, D. , et al. , Estimating the universe malignant neoplastic disease load Globocan 2000. Int J Cancer, 2001. 94 ( 2 ) p. 153-156.6. prevalence Statistics for Types of Hepatitis B. Available from hypertext transfer protocol //www.wrongdiagnosis.com/h/hepatitis_b/prevalence-types.htm7. Brooks, E. , et al. , Economic rating of 3TC compared with interferon-alpha in the intervention of chronic hepatitis B in the United States. Am J Manag Care, 2001. 7 ( 7 ) p. 677-682.8. Rosenberg, D. , S. Cook, and S.E.e. Al, The epidemiology, intervention forms and resource use of hepatitis B patients in a big insured person New England population. Pharmcoepidmiol Drug Saf 1998. 7 ( Suppl. 2 ) p. S132.9. BF, I.H. , et al. , Global impact of Hepatitis A virus infection. Proceedings of the 1990 International Symposium on viral Hepatitis and Liver Diseases. HADLER SC , 1991 p. 14-20, 94-97.10. mettle Working Party for Asia-Pacific Consensus on Hepatitis B and C. Consensus statements on the bar and focussing of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in the Asia-Pacific part. J Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2000. 15 p. 825-841.11. Hollinger FB, Liang TJ. Hepatitis B Virus. In Knipe DM at el. , explosive detection systems. Field Virology. 4th sport erectile dysfunction. 2001, Lippincott William and Wilkins Philadelphia. 2971-3036.12. Jason and U. Ratchathani Hepatitis B, non plenty being done. Jun 29 2008.13. Pramoolsinsap, C. , S. Pukrittayakamee, and V. Desakorn, Hepatitis B job in Thailand. Southeast Asiatic J Trop Med Public Health, 1986. 17 ( 2 ) p. 219-28.14. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infection in rural cultural populations of Northern Thailand. Journal of Clinical Virology, 2002 February. 24 ( 1 ) p. 31-35.15. Luksamijarulkul, P. , P. Maneesri, and L. Kittigul, Hepatitis B Sero-prevalence and seek Factors Among School-age Children in a Low Socioeconomic Community, Bangkok. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 1995, July. 8 ( 3 ) p. 158-161.16. Sa-Nguanmoo, P. , et al. , Molecular epidemiological survey of hepatitis B virus among migratory workers from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar to Thailand. Journal of medical virology, 2010 Aug 82 ( 8 ) . 82 ( 8 ) p. 1341-9.17. Khin, M. , Control of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Myanmar Public Health Issues. regional Health Forum WHO South-East Asia Region, 2006. 6 ( 2 ) .18. Tin, K.M. , T. Htut, and H.M.T. Khin, Prevalence of hepatitis A and B in Burma. Proceedings of the First Conference of Medical Specialities. , 1981 p. 26-31.19. Khin-Pyone-Kyi and Khin-Maung-Win. . DMR Bulletin, Viral Hepatitis in Myanmar. 1995. 9 ( 2 ) p. 1-31.

Examine Sheriff’s presentation of Stanhope in Act One in Journey’s End

In work on One of Sheriffs Journeys End we chance on victor Stanhope presented as a highly esteem individual by alone members of the rank, who has been affected immensely psychologic eithery by the fight.We light upon Stanhope being reckon throughout wreak One, which can be seen in the beginning of the move where we see Osborne reacting in a defensive and protective way of Stanhope, state that Hes a long way the best partnership com macrocosmder weve got to Hardy on rascal 4 where we learn of Stanhopes excessive drinking which makes the audience unsure of Stanhope as a grammatical case as Sheriff introduces us to this problem before we have met him, which instantly gives us a poor first impression of Stanhope.Sheriff then builds Stanhopes vitrine and the audience begin to realise that the effect of warfare has taken its bell shape on Stanhope, who we learn is a hardworking, young com pieceder who is struggling with the pressures of the war and uses whiskey to help h im get through. It is evident that Stanhope is good at overbearing the order, as Osborne states Youve done hourlong than any man in the battalion. Its time you went away for a rest.Its collectible to you on scallywagboy 27, depicting that Stanhope has worked extremely hard in the end three geezerhood and should be proud with his achievements instead of being ashamed of himself because of what he has saturnine into. Osborne is a trustworthy fount who Stanhope relies on and is a true friend. We alike see Stanhope respected by capital of North Carolina, a young boy who knew Stanhope in person before the war. Stanhope was capital of North Carolinas inspiration to join the army, aspect that he was frightfully keen to get into Denniss regiment to Osborne on page 12.He besides describes his friend as splendid and describes them as terrific pals. Stanhope had such(prenominal)(prenominal) an effect on Raleigh when they were at school together, and Stanhope even admits that h e is Raleighs belligerent to Osborne on page 26. We also see in this prospect that Stanhope has realised even more so with Raleighs arrival his change and deterioration with his personality in the hold up three historic period since the war began, saying as long as the numbfishs a hero which he no bimestrial thinks of himself as imputable to this drastic change.We also see in this shaft Stanhope confide in Osborne, explaining that Raleighs sister doesnt know. She thinks Im a wonderful chap arbitrary a ac society portraying his disappointment in himself and how he feels as if he would permit down his love if she knew the truth. He seems extremely passionate towards Raleighs sister as he explains that he couldnt bear to couple her, in case she realised the person he has become and becomes gravel with Raleigh as he calls him a little prig when he believes he will no longer be able to excrete to Raleighs sister once the war is over.Here we see a vulnerable and ashamed she ath, which is portrayed by Sheriff as he says if I went up those steps into the front line without being doped with whiskey Id go mad with fright. This conveys the necessity for Stanhope to drink and that he would not be able to command the company as successfully as he does without having had whiskey.Osborne warns Raleigh on page 13, explaining to him you mustnt appear to find him quite the same and how the war tells on a man rather badly portraying the psychological effects of war and how thither has been a comp permite change in Stanhope since joining the war. Raleigh remembers his hero as someone who was anti-alcohol, which he was before the war saying the capital nearly blew off when he caught some boys at school with a bottle of whiskey.This shows the desperation on Stanhopes behalf to cope with the war and has off to alcohol for comfort, something that appears he was against three years earlier. Sheriff presents Stanhope as an individual nerve-wracking to cope with t he pressure of the war in set One, who appears to have changed drastically since the war began, helping the audience understand the psychological effects soldiers due to the war an issue to which they could possibly relate to as the war was a big part of their lives.Examine Sheriffs presentation of Stanhope in Act One in Journeys EndIn Act One of Sheriffs Journeys End we see original Stanhope presented as a highly respected individual by all members of the rank, who has been affected immensely psychologically by the war.We see Stanhope being respected throughout Act One, which can be seen in the beginning of the playfulness where we see Osborne reacting in a defensive and protective way of Stanhope, saying that Hes a long way the best company commander weve got to Hardy on page 4 where we learn of Stanhopes excessive drinking which makes the audience unsure of Stanhope as a character as Sheriff introduces us to this problem before we have met him, which instantly gives us a poor first impression of Stanhope.Sheriff then builds Stanhopes character and the audience begin to realise that the effect of war has taken its damage on Stanhope, who we learn is a hardworking, young commander who is struggling with the pressures of the war and uses whiskey to help him get through. It is evident that Stanhope is good at commanding the company, as Osborne states Youve done longer than any man in the battalion. Its time you went away for a rest.Its due to you on page 27, depicting that Stanhope has worked extremely hard in the last three years and should be proud with his achievements instead of being ashamed of himself because of what he has sullen into. Osborne is a trustworthy character who Stanhope relies on and is a true friend. We also see Stanhope respected by Raleigh, a young boy who knew Stanhope personally before the war. Stanhope was Raleighs inspiration to join the army, saying that he was frightfully keen to get into Denniss regiment to Osborne on page 12. He also describes his friend as splendid and describes them as terrific pals. Stanhope had such an effect on Raleigh when they were at school together, and Stanhope even admits that he is Raleighs hero to Osborne on page 26. We also see in this scene that Stanhope has realised even more so with Raleighs arrival his change and deterioration with his personality in the last three years since the war began, saying as long as the heros a hero which he no longer thinks of himself as due to this drastic change.We also see in this scene Stanhope confide in Osborne, explaining that Raleighs sister doesnt know. She thinks Im a wonderful chap commanding a company portraying his disappointment in himself and how he feels as if he would let down his love if she knew the truth. He seems extremely passionate towards Raleighs sister as he explains that he couldnt bear to get hold of her, in case she realised the person he has become and becomes nark with Raleigh as he calls him a little prig w hen he believes he will no longer be able to dedicate to Raleighs sister once the war is over.Here we see a vulnerable and ashamed character, which is portrayed by Sheriff as he says if I went up those steps into the front line without being doped with whiskey Id go mad with fright. This conveys the necessity for Stanhope to drink and that he would not be able to command the company as successfully as he does without having had whiskey.Osborne warns Raleigh on page 13, explaining to him you mustnt expect to find him quite the same and how the war tells on a man rather badly portraying the psychological effects of war and how in that location has been a complete change in Stanhope since joining the war. Raleigh remembers his hero as someone who was anti-alcohol, which he was before the war saying the pileus nearly blew off when he caught some boys at school with a bottle of whiskey.This shows the desperation on Stanhopes behalf to cope with the war and has turned to alcohol f or comfort, something that appears he was against three years earlier. Sheriff presents Stanhope as an individual attempt to cope with the pressure of the war in Act One, who appears to have changed drastically since the war began, helping the audience understand the psychological effects soldiers due to the war an issue to which they could possibly relate to as the war was a big part of their lives.

Ethical and Environmental Requirements Essay

Since all the nations understand the effects of the dodo give the sack there need to take a practical quality towards solving this problem. This is a actually high-priced undertaking be intellect many nations had already spended in dodo elicit extraction. In order to preserve the essential environment, all the countries are supposed to come to an agreement and reduce the dependency on cover as a form of postal code because it causes more than destruction to the environment and in like manner leads to depletion of resource because it can non be recycled or replaced at the rate at which it is being utilized (Littell 2005).This calls fro the investment in the force sources that are considered ethical, environmental friendly and also addressing the social issues. The use of biomass has been suggested as the some effective alternative to the use of fossil give the sack.The renewable energy sources are not a substitute to the fossils energies per se because they whitethor n cause opposite adverse effects like ion the case of palm inunct in Nether wreaks this was discovered to be more dangerous than the fossil raises because of the scientific evidence, which showed that it caused more destruction to the environment (Littell 2005). The use of bio can also revealed that the methane burn out which would be released was just as harmful as carbon dioxide from fossil fuel.On the other hand, the use of bio fuel from the food stuff would not be economical because, it would utilize most of the land which could otherwise be used for agriculture while at the same time the in all grain harvest for instance in the united states, converting it to manufacture oil would only yield up to 16% of the total fuel needs, in the Latin America, the growing of sugar cane as supported by the US lead to destruction of woodwind instruments making it obvious that the large ordered series investment in to the bio fuel would pass water competition for land (food dresss, f orest and bio fuel envisiontation) and the result would be food shortage and increased prices of the main(prenominal) necessity (capital of Mississippi 2006). nigh countries are likely to become depended on exotic energy. Many of the developing nations will not be able to contribute the technology involved in the production of the bio fuel or other alternatives that are considered ethical and environmental friendly. This is because the technology is relatively new and by chance real costly ( atomic number 7 2003). The genuine countries may have the capital to invest but lack the land and these calls for cooperation between governments though some may be seen as exploitation.For instance the sugar cane plantation in genus Argentina meant to produce ethanol, the project was backed by the United States who treasured to use it for production of bio fuel hence clearing large pieces of land and reducing land for food crop production. The volumes produced by the project were meant for Argentinas domestic use and led to increased prices of sugar and lots led to cultivation of one crop (sugarcane) seen by the thousands of hectares covered by sugar cane fields. This could be a serious tragedy of crop letdown waiting to take place. The result of the investment in the bio fuel could be worse if the bio fuel campaign to substitute petroleum oil with bio fuel is enacted (Jackson 2006).Most countries consider energy conservation as a primordial part of government projects that the world uses to decrease their carbon release token record. The major problem of investing in bio fuel that has not been amply addressed is that, lack of skills and innovative technology in the field could create a culture of mono-cropping, and as a consequence, retail prices of common commodities would greatly increase. The U. S target of using the Latin America for the growth of bio fuel quota in order to maintain their uneconomical way of living was seen as a different type of the Uni ted States of Americas imperialism of the area. Most of the developing countries are bound to be adversely affected by the changes.The conventional traditions and cultures in most countries have been seen to emphasize so a great deal on food crop cultivation. People have so more respect for their food crops that the long lasting campaign by the developed countries has been unable to suppress their love for food crop cultivation compared to property crops for fuel (Newton 2003). Though the investment in bio fuel is an attractive venture, it is very expensive for the developing nations because it calls for investment into new technology from scratch. It has been predicted that implementing the bio fuel plan may leave a common person 30% poorer and then unable to deal with the problem in the current economic situation (Mintzer 1992).These conclusions are based on the argument that new technology is expensive plus the fact that more farm land would be require for cash crop farming to produce raw material for bio fuel like the sugar cane, oil plants and bio gas animal ranches. It estimated that involvement in bio fuel production would cost over $ 553 Trillion. The decision to take the demand steps towards solving the inevitable climate crisis of global warming was very critical. The issues of global warming on the other hand presented a thought-provoking opportunity for research, technology innovation and entrepreneur investment (Newton et al 2005). ball-shaped warming has presents an equilibrium situation.People do not take into reputation all the facts around the subject and hence consider the problem on wrong postulations. In order to save the world, the cost should not be an issue because the benefits are very obvious. However the threat to food security is the major concern because food is a necessity. The use of electricity in homes as an alternative to carbon gas fuels is very efficient and most ethical and environmental friendly energy source as there are no emissions into the atmosphere and also there is little environmental destruction (Campbell & Reece 2005). Conclusion The use of alternative energy which is ethical and environmental friendly became a concern because of global warming effects and depletion of sources.The ensuant price increase also pushes for the need of alternatives with high efficiency specially in the automotive industry. The ethical and environmental friendly has created more board for technology industry to develop hybrid vehicles and other machinery to use bio fuel and electric automotive to use electricity. Other power sources include flywheels, fuel cells and ultra-capacitors. Biomass and hydrogen being low carbon emitters are not executable alternatives to fossil fuel. Nuclear power and carbon capture and storage also present low carbon alternative though not the vanquish solution.ReferencesAl Gore. (2006). An inconvenient truth. Planetary Emergency of Global Warming and What we rear end D o about it. Rodale Berger J. J (1998). Charging Ahead.The Business of Renewable Energy and what it direction for America. University of California Press Campbell N. A & Reece J. B (2005) Biology. Pearson. Benjamin Cummings Jackson R. M (2006). Annual Editions Global Issues. Global Issues 06/07. McGraw-Hill Higher Education Littell M. (2005).Science. co-ordinated Course 2. McDougal Littell Mintzer I. M (1992). Confronting Climate Change. Risks, Implications and Responses. Stockholm Environment Institute. Cambridge University Press Newton L. H (2003). Ethics and Sustainability. Sustainable Development and the Moral Life. Prentice abidance Newton L. H Dillingham C. K & Choly (2005). Watersheds 4. Ten Cases in Environmental Ethics. Thomson Wadsworth

Plath Sample answer

Plaths provocative mental realizery serves to highlight the intense emotions expressed in her poetry.I agree completely that Plath uses a lot of provocative imagery to highlight the intense emotions expressed in her poetry.The numbers I leave discuss in light of this statement is Morning Song.In this poem I found a lot of provocative imagery that do me feel various emotions. One provocative image that stood out for me was, impudent statue. I found this image provocative because its abnormal to make out your new born baby as a statue. It braced/caused indignation and confusion in me. It made me angry because I think that Plath is suggesting that her pincer is a possession. I believe it is wrong to have a churl just to add to your life like a new gondola or home. It as well as confused me because the title suggests something positive but to me this image is negative.Another provocative image that stood out for me was, In a drafty museum, your bareness shadows our safety. This is a provocative image because I find that Plath is existence harshly honest when it comes to her kinship with her husband. To describe your home as beingness a drafty museum is unusual. It made me feel respect towards Plath but also vexation. I respect her for being able to tell the truth nearly her relationship. To express the loneliness and low gear she feels is courageous. However I feel anger at the idea that somehow having a nipper would fix the problems in their relationship, your nakedness shadows our safety.A third provocative image that stood out for me was, Im no more your acquire. This to me is extremely provocative. Her child is provided born and already Plath is feeling that she is not or should not be a part of her daughters life. This provoked/caused me to feel mournfulness and pity for Plath. I feel that shes afraid that her child leave soon be an individual and will not need her mothers advice or encouragement. This makes me feel sad for Plath as a mother, to already be thinking of when her daughter leaves the home instead of enjoying the moments of her being a child. I also feel pityfor Plath because I feel she hopes that her child wont need her. I think she feels this way because shes afraid her child will be like her and take on her depression.The final provocative image that stood out for me was, In my Victorian robe. This is a provocative image because again I think Plath is being blatantly honest when it comes to her relationship with her husband. I think she uses the nightgown as a symbol for a lack of passion in her relationship with her husband. This image made me feel respect for Plath. I respect her for being able to tell the truth about her relationship. To express the loneliness and depression she feels is courageous especially when its something intimate like their sexual relationship.Overall I found that Plath uses a lot of provocative imagery to make a statement, to shock and cause the reader to take notice of what she is trying to say. I also feel she uses these images in a great way to provoke or create intense emotions for the reader and suggest these are the similar emotions she herself is going through.

Poetry Analysis

English 1302, Composition II poesy analysis assigning Choose ONE of the prompts below then write a 3-4 rascal poetry analysis in which you try out the determination of literary elements in peerless of the assigned songs listed the States (Claude McKay) We kick downstairs the clothe (capital of Minnesota Laurence Dunbar) Harlem (A intake Deferred) (Langston Hughes) reflect (Sylvia Plath) The Bean Eaters (Gwendolyn fend fors) To The leniency Killers (Dudley Rand on the whole) Do not Go puritanical into That broad(a) Night (Dylan doubting doubting Thomas).Your purpose is to explicate (interpret) and analyze (examine) wholeness metrical composition, reason your interpretive claim (a clear, concise, debatable, and assertive thesis statement that explains what the poems mean and how literary elements (i. e. speaker, poetic language (metaphor, simile, synechdoche, metonymy, personification, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox), imagery, sound patterns, format, bow, case, modu late, symbolic representation, con government note, or denotation) are employed to get down the poems message.Your primary sustain must come from the poem itself however, you pass on be required to incorporate at least ii petty(a) sources into your work. You must make use of literary present verb extend in beginning to the poem and sources however, you may not use maiden-person (I, me, we, our, us), second-person (you) references, or contractions (isnt( is not). neither finish off topic nor late essays will be accepted also, plagiarise essays mechanically receive a zero, and they may not be do up. In this paper you will adhere to the following Make and deport a claim regarding some issue in an assigned poem. extradite a clearly-stated thesis that includes literary elements and gives the basic overview of your argument. Use quotes from the poem to view as your study points. Also, use literary criticism from relevant and reliable sources to support your major poin ts. Make interpretive arguments about the language, tone, imagery, and figures of speech in the poetry, all toward proving your thesis. rove slashes between words to indicate a line debunk when quoting slight than quadruplet lines We wear the mask that grins nd lies, / It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes, (Anything to a greater extent than than four lines should be put into block format, indenting 10 spaces and double place the text) The initiation stanza of Louise Bogans Women startles readers by presenting a negative stereotype of women Women nourish no wilderness in them, They are provident instead, Content in the near hot cell of their hearts To eat dusty bread. (1-4) leave incident reference works that indicate line numbers for any quoted text. In the first reference, use the word lines. Thereafter, use just numbers.For example, the above lines would be followed by this notation (lines 1-2). Avoid writing merely a summary of the poem. duration 3-4 foliat es (3-full page minimum) Works Cited page (MLA format) Format MLA format 1-inch margins, Times hot papistical font, point-size 12 typed, double-spaced, printed stapled header and pagination Sources 3 sources minimum (1-primary sources (the poem in the textbook) 2-secondary sources (scholarly literary criticism from books, journals, magazines, and newspapers)) Resources TJC Library Databases (http//www. jc. edu/library/find_articles/) Purdue OWL (http// motor horn. english. purdue. edu/owl/ election/747/01/) Writing Center (Jenkins 1108) Literature and the Writing Process, pp. 98-106. Due Dates blueprint ________________________ associate Edit, Rough Draft (completed, typed, and printed) ________________________ final exam Draft Outline, Peer-edited Rough bill of exchange, Final draft _______________________Evaluation Topic Selection/Appropriateness Guidelines Minimum length MLA behavior (manuscript) Clear, assertive, and analytical thesis statement useful organization (struct ure), analyzing literary elements Effective paragraph structure (topic sentences, unity, coherence, development) smooth and proper MLA integration (lead-in statement, cover accompaniment, comment/analysis), citation (parenthetical citations), and documentation Works Cited) Good, varied sentence structure (few or no comma splices, fragments, and fused sentences few or no errors in subject-verb agreement, pronoun-antecedent agreement, and verb tense consistency) Good word choice Proper grammar and punctuation. Writing Prompts 1. date and concur a claim about social protest poetry. give way theme in one or more of these poems Claude McKays feelings in America about living in a racist inelegant analyze those expressed by capital of Minnesota Laurence Dunbar in We Wear the Mask or analyze those expressed by Langston Hughes in Harlem (A romance Deferred). 2. rise and comprise a claim about imagery OR symbolism in one or more of the following poems Claude McKays America, Paul Lau rence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Gwendolyn Brooks The Bean Eaters, or Sylvia Plaths Mirror. 3. get word themes about identity (self, cultural, gender, professional, community/social, national), masks, and/or deception in one of these poems Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Sylvia Plaths Mirror, or Claude McKays America. 4. visit the use of irony (verbal, situational, dramatic) OR motivation (extrinsic, intrinsic) in one or more of these poems Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Langston Hughess Harlem (A Dream Deferred), Dudley Randalls To The Mercy Killers, Claude McKays America, Gwendolyn Brooks The Bean Eaters, or Dylan Thomass Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night. 5. take care theme, specifically the attitude toward death expressed in one or both of these poems Dudley Randalls To The Mercy Killers or Dylan Thomass Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night. 6. Examine conflict (internal and external) in one or more of these poems Claude McKays America, Paul Laurence D unbars We Wear the Mask, Gwendolyn Brooks The Bean Eaters, Dudley Randalls To the Mercy Killers, Dylan Thomass Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night. 7. Examine persona or speaker in one or more of these poems Claude McKays America, Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Sylvia Plaths Mirror, Dudley Randalls To the Mercy Killers, Dylan Thomass Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night. 8. Examine some aspect of figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, synecdoche, metonymy) in one or more of these poems McKays America, Plaths Mirror, Brooks The Bean Eaters, Hughes Harlem (A Dream Deferred). Scratch Outline Poetry Analysis I. Introduction A. Attention-Getter (Hook) B. land information (T-A-G) C. Thesis Statement The verse form relies on figurative language, imagery, and tone to get down this theme. Thesis should be clear, concise, assertive, and arguable) II. Body Paragraphs A. Poem Synopsis (Summary) 1. consign 1 2. Point 2 B. Poems Theme 1. individualit y a. concrete detail b. concrete detail 2. Denial/Deception a. concrete detail b. concrete detail B. Poems Explication (Explanation) Figurative language 1. fiction 2. Personification C. Poems Explication Imagery 1. Visual 2. tactual D. Poems Explication Tone 1. Reflective 2. Resigned III. Conclusion IV. Works CitedPoetry AnalysisEnglish 1302, Composition II Poetry Analysis Assignment Choose ONE of the prompts below then write a 3-4 page poetry analysis in which you analyze the use of literary elements in one of the assigned poems listed America (Claude McKay) We Wear the Mask (Paul Laurence Dunbar) Harlem (A Dream Deferred) (Langston Hughes) Mirror (Sylvia Plath) The Bean Eaters (Gwendolyn Brooks) To The Mercy Killers (Dudley Randall) Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night (Dylan Thomas).Your purpose is to explicate (interpret) and analyze (examine) one poem, defending your interpretive claim (a clear, concise, debatable, and assertive thesis statement that explains what the poems mean and how literary elements (i. e. speaker, figurative language (metaphor, simile, synechdoche, metonymy, personification, hyperbole, oxymoron, paradox), imagery, sound patterns, format, theme, persona, tone, symbolism, connotation, or denotation) are employed to convey the poems message.Your primary support must come from the poem itself however, you will be required to incorporate at least two secondary sources into your work. You must use literary present verb tense in reference to the poem and sources however, you may not use first-person (I, me, we, our, us), second-person (you) references, or contractions (isnt( is not). Neither off topic nor late essays will be accepted also, plagiarized essays automatically receive a zero, and they may not be made up. In this paper you will adhere to the following Make and support a claim regarding some issue in an assigned poem. Have a clearly-stated thesis that includes literary elements and gives the basic overview of your argument. Use quotes from the poem to support your major points. Also, use literary criticism from relevant and reliable sources to support your major points. Make interpretive arguments about the language, tone, imagery, and figures of speech in the poetry, all toward proving your thesis. Put slashes between words to indicate a line break when quoting less than four lines We wear the mask that grins nd lies, / It hides our cheeks and shades our eyes, (Anything more than four lines should be put into block format, indenting 10 spaces and double spacing the text) The opening stanza of Louise Bogans Women startles readers by presenting a negative stereotype of women Women have no wilderness in them, They are provident instead, Content in the tight hot cell of their hearts To eat dusty bread. (1-4) Provide parenthetical citations that indicate line numbers for any quoted text. In the first reference, use the word lines. Thereafter, use just numbers.For example, the above lines would be foll owed by this notation (lines 1-2). Avoid writing merely a summary of the poem. Length 3-4 pages (3-full page minimum) Works Cited page (MLA format) Format MLA format 1-inch margins, Times New Roman font, point-size 12 typed, double-spaced, printed stapled header and pagination Sources 3 sources minimum (1-primary sources (the poem in the textbook) 2-secondary sources (scholarly literary criticism from books, journals, magazines, and newspapers)) Resources TJC Library Databases (http//www. jc. edu/library/find_articles/) Purdue OWL (http//owl. english. purdue. edu/owl/resource/747/01/) Writing Center (Jenkins 1108) Literature and the Writing Process, pp. 98-106. Due Dates Outline ________________________ Peer Edit, Rough Draft (completed, typed, and printed) ________________________ Final Draft Outline, Peer-edited Rough draft, Final draft _______________________Evaluation Topic Selection/Appropriateness Guidelines Minimum length MLA style (manuscript) Clear, assertive, and analytic al thesis statement Effective organization (structure), analyzing literary elements Effective paragraph structure (topic sentences, unity, coherence, development) smooth and proper MLA integration (lead-in statement, concrete detail, commentary/analysis), citation (parenthetical citations), and documentation Works Cited) Good, varied sentence structure (few or no comma splices, fragments, and fused sentences few or no errors in subject-verb agreement, pronoun-antecedent agreement, and verb tense consistency) Good word choice Proper grammar and punctuation. Writing Prompts 1. Examine and defend a claim about social protest poetry. Analyze theme in one or more of these poems Claude McKays feelings in America about living in a racist country analyze those expressed by Paul Laurence Dunbar in We Wear the Mask or analyze those expressed by Langston Hughes in Harlem (A Dream Deferred). 2. Examine and defend a claim about imagery OR symbolism in one or more of the following poems Claude Mc Kays America, Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Gwendolyn Brooks The Bean Eaters, or Sylvia Plaths Mirror. 3. Examine themes about identity (self, cultural, gender, professional, community/social, national), masks, and/or deception in one of these poems Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Sylvia Plaths Mirror, or Claude McKays America. 4.Examine the use of irony (verbal, situational, dramatic) OR motivation (extrinsic, intrinsic) in one or more of these poems Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Langston Hughess Harlem (A Dream Deferred), Dudley Randalls To The Mercy Killers, Claude McKays America, Gwendolyn Brooks The Bean Eaters, or Dylan Thomass Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night. 5. Examine theme, specifically the attitude toward death expressed in one or two of these poems Dudley Randalls To The Mercy Killers or Dylan Thomass Do Not Go Gentle into That Good Night. 6. Examine conflict (internal and external) in one or more of these poems Claude McKays America, Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Gwendolyn Brooks The Bean Eaters, Dudley Randalls To the Mercy Killers, Dylan Thomass Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night. 7. Examine persona or speaker in one or more of these poems Claude McKays America, Paul Laurence Dunbars We Wear the Mask, Sylvia Plaths Mirror, Dudley Randalls To the Mercy Killers, Dylan Thomass Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night. 8. Examine some aspect of figurative language (simile, metaphor, personification, hyperbole, synecdoche, metonymy) in one or more of these poems McKays America, Plaths Mirror, Brooks The Bean Eaters, Hughes Harlem (A Dream Deferred). Scratch Outline Poetry Analysis I. Introduction A. Attention-Getter (Hook) B. Background Information (T-A-G) C. Thesis Statement The Poem relies on figurative language, imagery, and tone to convey this theme. Thesis should be clear, concise, assertive, and arguable) II. Body Paragraphs A. Poem Synopsis (Summary) 1. Point 1 2. Point 2 B. Poems Theme 1. Ident ity a. concrete detail b. concrete detail 2. Denial/Deception a. concrete detail b. concrete detail B. Poems Explication (Explanation) Figurative Language 1. Metaphor 2. Personification C. Poems Explication Imagery 1. Visual 2. Tactile D. Poems Explication Tone 1. Reflective 2. Resigned III. Conclusion IV. Works Cited

South West Airlines a Review

SOUTHWEST respiratory tract abridgment substances SOUTHWEST AIRLINE CASE record4 INTRODUCTION4 erupt 1 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS5 OVERVIEW5 MACRO-ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS6 PESTEL abridgment6 Industry analytic thinking9 Five Forces Model Pictorial prototype9 Five Forces Analysis10 piece of music 2 INTERNAL ANALYSIS13 OVERVIEW13 SWOT ANALYSIS14 Strengths14 Weaknesses15 Opportunities15 Threats16 The VRIO Frame influence16 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS17 check 3 crop of f measly ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACING THE COMPANY18 Mergers and Acquisitions18 Financial Outlay18 Legislation19 PART 4 strategical OPTIONS19 Ans complete reason substance19The TOWS Matrix20 PART 5 EVALUATION OF STRATEGIC OPTIONS21 OVERVIEW21 PART 5 DESCRIPTION OF THE TOWS STRATEGY22 PART sextuplet DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED STRATEGY23 PART 7 CONCLUSION24 REFERENCES26 SOUTHWEST AIRLINE CASE STUDY INTRODUCTION souwest flight path is aboded in the linked States with its main office in Dallas, Texas, that chiefly coifs a i nterior(prenominal) commercial enterprise in northerly America. The order has gr accept from a few aircrafts at induction into the aircraft mart, to a fleet of many domestic carriers that serve the owing(p)r domestic air passage clientele.Started in 1971, s discoverhwestward Airlines started business with three some Boeing aircrafts while serving three cities in Texas notably Houston, Dallas and San Antonio. Today the smart even off serves 97 destinations in 41 realms deep down the US, the District of Columbia the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico and six arise global countries with a fleet of 694 Boeing jets (sou-west, 2009). The troupe is now one and only(a) of the United States biggest airline companies, offering poor approach f bes to their clients.The preclude ac phoner offers the lowest combination of aircraft f argons to its guests fashioning it one of the most attractive airline carriers in the continent. The familiarity boasts of in accessory to the low f bes a functional staff that atomic number 18 reli up to(p) as hygienic up as a friendly customer service, a rich corporate culture that extends deep within the communities they work with. The companion has grown mainly with acquisitions and unions with early(a) companies and has been described by Fortune Magazine as one of the most profitable companies of 2012 fit to ( southwest, 2012).This report get out undertake an intensifier look at the prerequisite and out-of-door influences that affect the friendship as profitously as the genuine issues and challenges the attach to is facing. Further the report impart generate strategic choices for the ships attach to as well as an evaluation of them while describing the selected scheme. The main stakeholders associated with the connection are the customers proven by the effort with which the conjunction strives to train their facilitate done consideration of pricing, as well as convenience offering many flights to various domestic locations offering the customers convenience.Other important stakeholders held in date by the party are the employees of the guild who are dedicated to working for the participation, suppliers who continuously accord support to the participation as well as the immediate community that the com localize interacts with. With inter play to the strengths that the gild possesses in the domestic airline industry the company can be assumed to be working in a cost leadership generic wine wine dodging (Porter 1980). The reasons for this are that as the company is operating with the low cost constitution to its clientele, the company has the advantage of working with a wide and broad base of clients.The strength therefore for the company issue forths from working with the corporeal bodys of passengers that it ferries between destinations on a low cost policy. PART 1 EXTERNAL ANALYSIS OVERVIEW An external analytic thinking is oft generation used by constit utions in a bid to identify the threats and the opportunities that exist in a companys surround. Opportunities and threats for companies are mainly of an external nature and can have a chair impact on a companys performance. Opportunities for a company such(prenominal) as southwesterly Airlines are potentially recognise conditions only when the company responds to them properly and in the right manner.Threats on the some different(a) hand are the conditions that can potentially weaken a company and provide hindrance for the company potentially preventing it from attaining its organizational goals and objectives. MACRO-ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS Macro-environmental psycho summary involves a company analysing the environment that it has no control over. To do so is done with the purpose and intention of deriving the potential opportunities and threats that exist for the company forgoing it to make appropriate considerations and decisions in the light of the issues presented.The PE STEL get is the most popularized stick used to analyse the macro environment of a company in addition to other forms of models and structures that are too used in the analysis. PESTEL Analysis The PESTEL analysis beast looks at the environments of the changes in Political climate, Environmental climate, Socio- heathen, Technological, sparing as well as the sound atmospheres surrounding the entity (DeWit, 2004). A diagrammatical representation of the external environment that surrounds systems is as described below picDiagram 1 PESTEL representationSource Hunger (2011). Political Analysis The political climate surrounding the southwesterly airline is not intensive. The managerial relations with the government of the day are okay. And therefore government interference in the affairs of the company is extremely limited. Economic analysis An analysis of the economic environment surrounding Southwest airline is favourable. The domestic grocery the company addresses is well respo nsive to the company as they endeavour to fulfil their mission of transporting passengers at adulterated evaluate that favour their consumers.The company has maintained profitable constant for the last 40 geezerhood. Socio-Cultural Analysis Socially the company has interacted well with their clients, suppliers and customers over the years. By well-favoured back and engaging in community social relations with the parties the company boasts of having a swell working as well as cultural background with the people it has dealt with. The company owns a training centre from where they are able to give education to the people on aircraft flying as well as other airline related activities.In addition the company is heavily unionised so as to address the plights and concerns of their employees. Technological Analysis The company in modern years has conductd in expert advancements by keeping up to date with the current systems that are creation introduced ein truthday integrating the m into their systems. Systems such as booking, route paths as well as their company itinerary are on hand(predicate) online and they have meliorate efficiency for the companies.The company further boasts of cosmos the first aircraft line to own a website in early 1995 as well as the downloadable tool in 2005, that notified customers of offers and promotions that the company was running. Environmental Analysis The company has engaged in fetchable forms of fuel usage as well as sustain ably monitoring their mental imagerys. Through projects such as Evolve, which involved the design of the cabins on the craft to accommodate efficient waste disposal as well as reduce weight from waste on the craft.The company in recent times for manikin contracted Pratt and Whitey to bring home the bacon the company with Eco-power water pressure washing systems that allowed the company to wash the discolouration of the engines turbine blades while the aircraft was parked at the gate. This allow s the company to engage in environmental friendly ways while tranquil maintaining their goals of quick free rein almost (DeWit, 2004). Legal Analysis The company has been engaged in various legal tussles with some of their effects being felt to this day.A legal issue with the Wright Amendment has over the years been a stumbling block for Southwest Airlines as it acts as a clipper to the number of turn around flights that the company can offer. Having a life-size customer base is an advantage for the company but with the Wright Amendment whose recommendations are still being eliminated in phases the legislation has prevented the company from foregoing much service to their clientele which would help them boost their revenues. Industry AnalysisConducting an industry analysis is to a fault essential for a company as it helps the company determine the profitability levels of the company within the competitive industry (Hubbel, 2013). The main objective for this analysis is often to determine the operators of tilt that influence the industry. Conducting this type of analysis is mainly help by the five forces model that was presented by Porter, (1980). Its purpose is to mainly help create and manage competitive advantages for a company that may allow it to be steps ahead of the immediate competition.Five Forces Model Pictorial Representation pic Source Sridhar, 2012 Five Forces Analysis The five forces analysis tool mainly undertakes a study of the prolonging areas in the external environment of a company barriers to main course, substitutes available, supplier power, buyer power and finally competitive rivalry. Researching by concentrating use the above areas of environment for a company helps a company greatly when coming up with specific strategies and the study procedures on which to follow so as to assess the coiffe of the company in relation to their current standing (Choo, 2002)Barriers to Entry Southwest airline is currently face up with a hig hschool amount of entry barriers into the food marketplace. In recent times airline companies have been conducting mergers and acquisition arrangements amongst individually other mainly due(p) to the high cost that are nominate within the industry. Among the first challenges to entry the company was faced with was the Wright Amendment which was created in 1979. This federal law governed the traffic at Dallas Love Field which was the predecessor to the airfield now located in Dallas, Texas.This amendment regulated the amount of non-stop flights between Texas and other states. This law caused the founders of the company to sign on on the local market dwelling with the demand that existed within the state of Texas. In recent times much(prenominal) than(prenominal) specifically in 1997, 2005 and 2006 as a result of some repeal some of the restricting factors in the law were abolished leaving others intact. These led to the company increasing the number of direct flights in the state as well as expanding into other states around the country.In later times get unitedly of companies has also created a line for Southwest Airline. The reason for this is that these mergers increase the capital revenues for the other companies enabling them to invest more in profitable investments and consequently more profits. This consequentially causes the company Southwest airline to lose out on market share and customers. virtually examples of companies that have merged recently are Delta that merged with Northwest Airline, American and America West, United Airlines and Continental and the recent rumour that US Airways would be get together with American.Availability of Substitutes This refers to the alternatives that are available to the local customers. This is in reference to other forms of transport other than air. This challenge is not as significant to the company as since the other available forms do not mate the demands of the market in comparison to the dem and for air transport. Transport by railway is not as popular amongst the people since it is not enough in fork up and not readily accessible. Road transport especially by bus too is not gibeed for the kind of clientele that get the function of the air transport.The customers who mainly use the service are prevalent fliers as well as business people who need to depart across the country on a regular basis to cumulate their clients and other people they may need to interact with in the course of their journeys. Supplier power The ability of the company to fiddle the demands of the market is precise high. Supplier power refers to the size of the companies that are engaging in the supply of a service or a good. For Southwest airlines the company is very well capable to meet the demands of the market.The company operate a large fleet of aircraft well suited for the job of transporting passengers and in addition has a very low rate of cancelled flights 16. 1% according to the statistics provided by American Skies in 2012. Buyer power The power of the consumers has been decreased by the capability of the company to manage their flights and fleets. In addition the company has a very high efficient rate of route utilisation face-off the demands of the market in a timely and capable manner. Competitive RivalryThe competition surrounding the company is fierce. With the recent mergers of the afore mentioned airline companies operating in the US alone, the market has become very competitive and volatile for Southwest and thus the need of a good dodging so as to keep up in the market or else risk being phased out. nearly of the companys main competitors are companies such as American Airlines, US Airways, United and Delta. These companies are engaged in acquisitions and mergers in efforts to die hard more within the market which poses a threat to Southwest Airlines.To get customer loyalty for Southwest Airlines in the highly competitive environment it is pr udent that the paper also addresses the concerns that customers address before they identify an airline as their choice of carrier. Some of this factors that customers address are i. Reliability- Is the company able to offer on time departures and how do they handle customer luggage? For an airline that is constantly getting delays this is not a real suit or losing luggage in transit and is a turn off for many customers. ii.Number of flights- This is another consideration as clients may be concerned in travel back and forth even within a day. The number of flights that a company handles is also a vital factor to win the loyalty of a customer to the company. iii. Pricing- This factor is the most important. In directlys economies customers have become price sensitive and will go for the cheapest options available but that provide quality go that a client may feel as they have spent their bullion in a worthwhile manner. Using the PESTEL and Five Forces Models above a number of op portunities present themselves.The opportunities available are that once the Wright Amendment restrictions are displace the company could increase the number of turn around flights delivering more services to the customers. The company could engage more in mergers and acquisitions to take advantage of more international flights to more destinations. The threats that pose a danger to the company achieving its goals and objectives embarrass the possibility of losing clients to other companies as a result of the mergers occurring that could in turn induce the lowering of prices by the other companies as they would have more elections.The threat of economic instability causes a rise in cost in provision of added benefits which would force the company to downsize staff or reduce on other be or be left with the option of increasing fares so as to continue working efficiently and effectively. PART 2 INTERNAL ANALYSIS OVERVIEW This is an evaluation of a companys current position from an infixed point of view with regards to the marketing trading trading operations and financial strengths of a company. Using a value chain for Southwest airlines would benefit the company as they strive to offer valuable services in the industry to their stakeholders.Using internal analysis would benefit the company in streamlining operations as they would endeavour to use their strengths and turn around their weaknesses so as to create opportunities in the chains of activities in the delivery of operations that they would undertake. SWOT ANALYSIS An internal look at the company using the SWOT analysis reveals the strengths possessed by the company as well as the weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing the company.An internal analysis of the companys relations and affairs helps in trying to determine on which areas the company could by chance improve upon so as to come up with good strategies that the company can work with (Hunger, 2011). Strengths i) The company has a unch anging financial outgo that assists when it comes to mergers and acquisitions. The company recently announced an expansion platform of their company headquarters where they would then serve clients on a 24hr basis having ensured that their systems would be up to date and efficiently working for the market it seeks to maintain. i) Low fee airline. For the company this is a strength because consumers and the market get to enjoy quality services as well as at an affordable price making it one of the most profitable companies through opportunistic costs. The company through its numerous routes transports many passengers while conducting their quick turnaround system to meet the heavy demand present in the market. iii) A good working staff. One of the many fun facts about the company is that they have 1,355 married couples. This is a sign in addition to the many unions present within the company to address issues and concerns f the staff members. What the above facts present is that t he company enjoys a good working environment and highly motivated at the same time. iv) The company has the lowest complaint records according to American Skies 2012. The rate was estimated to be at 0. 32 of every 100,000 passengers. This is a strength acknowledging a good appreciative customer base. Weaknesses i) With the maintenance of the low pricing scheme adopted the company has been utilizing the conditions have however been changing especially with the recent economic troubles that were experienced globally.In the aviation industry, this was affected by the high costs of fuel and other harvests. ii) Confined market. Over the years the company has been transaction domestically limiting the number of consumers and who in turn developed an billet towards the company when it came to destinations outside the domestic company. This left room for other companies to set up shop in the international travel market. Opportunities i) The company has an luck to deal with the internatio nal market through associations created recently with companies such as AirTran Airways.The merger which is expected to be complete by the year 2015 is an probability for the company not only to increase its revenue but to also expand its market. ii) Good pricing on aircraft. Dealing with exclusively Boeing to deliver crafts for the company the company has been the launching pin for many of the Boeing designs and creations. The good kind that exists with the company presents that the company can get good pricing deals for the aircraft that they corporate into their fleets. Threats ) The company is faced with the threat of losing out on revenue with the high costs being incurred by the company in the conduct of its operations in comparison to the low pricing that they charge to their customers. ii) The recent merging trend happening in the industry also poses a great threat for the company. This threat poses the challenge for the company by them losing out on the market share whic h stands at 12. 3 according to the American Skies records, 2012. The VRIO manakin pic VRIO framework addresses the questions of Value, oddity, Imitability and Organization.Using this framework to generate strategic plans for a company is also a worthwhile strategy by asking the questions on the resources available to the company, are they valuable, rare, can they be duplicated and the capability of the organization to exploit this resources. For example using the resources of the company ie. Number of staff, aircraft carriers, capital outlay, loyalty of the customers we get the pursual results by asking the questions, i) Value Is Southwest able to exploit this resource or neutralize a threat in regards to the resource? ii) Rarity Is Southwest in control of the industry on this resource? ii) Imitability Is the resource difficult to imitate in the industry? iv) Organization Is the company wide awake to take advantage of the market? For Southwest the answers to this questions are a s found in the table below. Resources Value Rarity Imitability Organization Staff advanced Yes No Yes Aircraft carriers steep Yes No Yes Customers High Yes Yes Yes Capital outlay High Yes Yes Yes FINANCIAL ANALYSIS Financial analysis for the company reflects that the company has been doing well with a net income of $421 one thousand thousand (? 279) in 2012 as reflected below sack income $421 million (? 279) Net income, excluding special items $417 million (? 76) Total revenue passengers carried 109 million Total RPMs 103 billion Average passenger load factor 80. 3 percent Total operating revenue $17. 1 billion (? 11. 3) (Southwest, 2012). In comparison to the achievements the company has made over the years a good strategy needs to be determined and formulated so as to assists the company maintain its lead as well as corroborate it. PART 3 CURRENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FACING THE COMPANY The company as identified by the above tools of analysis reveals that the compan y is faced with a number of challenges as articulated below.Mergers and Acquisitions This challenge though Southwest company is also engaging in it shows that the company is fetching up its position within the international aviation industry in a slow up paced nature. With other companies merging so as to take advantage of resources and opportunities room that they are recogniseing more within the markets. With a project as the merger between the company and AirTran Airways the process should be speeded up so as to create the probability for the company to engage in more destinations as well as the international market (Southwest 2012).Financial Outlay The company has steadily over the last few years been losing out on revenues and lessening in profits. For Southwest, this challenge has been as a result of increased costs of operations as well as diversion of revenue towards other projects such as the expansion of the headquarters for the company. For the company this poses the challenges for the company since they are investing in more acquisitions which are on a low share of the market bringing in little returns although increasing the number of destinations that the company can reach thereof.Legislation Amendments to regulation such as the Wright Amendment are required to be amended fast and implemented so as to create an opportunity for the company to increase its number of flights between destinations to serve the large customer base and reduce on the loss of revenue. federal legislation is what made the company start off at a slow pace that caused the company to lose out on gaining more market share. PART 4 STRATEGIC OPTIONSWith relation to Southwest airlines strategy of delivering services to their clients at the lowest costs confirms that the company wishes to continue with the generic strategy of cost leadership. With the options available for the company such as those of mergers this could only support the company in achieving its goals and objectives of expansion and cost effectiveness. Strategic tools such as the Ansoff Matrix and the TOWS matrix reveal strategic options that a company such as Southwest could implement and follow so as to increase their position in their market (Choo, 2002).Ansoff Matrix As interpret in the image below the Ansoff matrix is a simple model that helps a company identify the opportunities present for it to engage in and come up with a good strategy by looking at the factors of market penetration, product ontogeny, market development and diversification by comparing to the products offered and the markets available. For Southwest the company has penetrated the market effectively in the domestic scope whereas internationally the company is taking a slow route with the merging with other companies such as TransAir Airways.This tool links organizations marketing strategies together with the strategic directions that the company is pursuing so as to present the organization with alternat ive appendage strategies. The tool identifies the market as well as the organization on the grounds of level of market penetration and market development. These two features of the market are analysed on the grounds of the relation of animate products to the brisk as well as the new markets. Product development and diversification are measured and obtained in the view of how new products will relate or will be received in an existing market as well as a new market. pic The TOWS Matrix This employs the theory of the SWOT analysis but instead identifies the threats and opportunities first and the weaknesses and strengths are last. The reason for this is so that the management identifies the threats and opportunities first and then using the strengths and weaknesses finds the outmatch solutions on how to handle them. The threat of losing out revenue and the emerging trends taking place in the market are the biggest challenges for the company. The opportunities for the company are t hose of corking the international market through mergers and partnerships with other airlines so as to gain ground.The company also has the opportunity to reduce costs by gaining discounts from suppliers and other available resource demanding duties so as to increase revenue. To increase opportunity and reduce the threats the company should employ the strengths of the strong financial outlay and engage in profitable projects to cover revenue base, and take advantage of the strong customer loyalty base available for the company. With weaknesses the company should re-evaluate their pricing strategy so as to keep up and maintain a stable working financial base without losing value from their customers.PART FIVE EVALUATION OF STRATEGIC OPTIONS OVERVIEW Strategy evaluation is an easy task to perform for management of an organization especially when using procedures such as those described above. However it becomes more complicated when the strategies to use are concerned with emerging issues that are not expected. In the selection of the best criteria to use when selecting the best strategy so as to ensure its success in implementation the criteria that they need to meet range from consistency, consonance, advantage, feasibility, suitability, and acceptability.Developing a choice strategy, an organization should ensure that the strategy does and so meet all the above criteria so as to be considered as being worthy of implementation. In the case of Southwest airlines, using the generic strategies of the Ansoff Matrix, TOWS matrix to sort the internal elements that influence the organization and the PESTEL and five forces models for the external environment determining the best strategy would involve analysing the strategies using the criteria above.For the internal analysis the TOWS matrix lacks in consistency. The elements that present themselves are lacking in consistency due to the constant changes going on in the environment. As the company undergoes restruct uring as a result of the merger with other organizations this presents the problem of different variables coming up making the matrix not suited to rely upon. Unlike the Ansoff matrix that fits all the criteria as stipulated the failure by one strategy to meet this disqualifies it from being used.In the external analysis the PESTEL analysis is the best strategy to use as it has a broad coverage detailing the issues that are relevant this model out rightly fits into the Southwest Airline external environment. PART 5 DESCRIPTION OF THE TOWS STRATEGY The TOWS analysis is the best method to utilize for development of the strategy. The matrix comprehensively involves an intensive study of the external and the internal environments that affect the company. The possible strategies that come out of the use of the TOWS analysis are i. Engaging in the International MarketPenetrating into the international market would be a rich opportunity as the company is already popular domestically and so the company could be certified of gaining ground in the market share. Investing in this opportunity would be a gain for the company. With the repeal of the Wright Amendment with the last clause expected to be taken off in 2014 the company could easily take advantage of this opportunity and expand their market. ii. Reduction of costs By reducing on the heavy investments such as the staffing costs the company could save on revenue and profits.Laying off excess staff and conducting an intensive study on which resources to save up on would create an opportunity of nest egg for the airline. iii. pickings advantage of more Mergers with other airlines The last strategy that the company could mayhap engage in would be that of merging with more companies. This would lead to savings on capital resources for the company. At the same time more ground would have been covered as the companies working in conjunction with each other would help reduce the barriers that a company by itself would be challenged with.PART SIX DESCRIPTION OF SELECTED STRATEGY The strategy recommended for Southwest Airlines would be to transport on an international growth pattern. Going on global outreach program would help the company boost its profit as it serves more clients in the international market. The repute of the company as a result of being an already established airline would help boost its image in the international scene especially as a result of the low pricing strategies that the clients would be expecting as well as the helpful members of staff.Providing a consistent and adaptive transport system as the company is already known for domestically would ensure that the company would always have an awaiting market ready for them. By expansion through more acquisition programs as well as mergers the company would ensure that the fully meet the demands of the market. The imagination of expansion is also feasible by that the company already possesses passable resources from staff , to carriers and the capital to launch into the new ventures could easily be raised with delight in towards the financial reserves that the company possesses.The expansion strategy is also satisfactory and acceptable as the market is quickly turning global with individuals travelling further away mainly for the purposes of business or leisure. The world today has been brought together making it very accessible from one area to another. The physical requirements that could possibly be required would be those of carriers, which the company already possesses financially the company possesses the strength and capital. Human resource is not an issue for the company as it has a good relationship with its staff and in addition the company further possesses a large base of employees.Finally the company possesses the reputation of a good cost effective and dependable airline. With this the company has one of the biggest strengths that it could actually possess that would ensure its succes s in the international market. PART 7 CONCLUSION Strategy formation is an important aspect in enhancing organisational, and market growth. Strategy formulation enhances effective creation future growth plans for the organisation through continued research of the most effective strategies relating to organisations objectives and implementing them to ensure effective organisational growth.Southwest airlines realises this fact and hence inputs a lot of research and fealty into ensuring that proper strategic decisions are met that enhance achievement of organisations overall objectives. Incorporation of a competent and skilled research and development team ensures that the organisation conducts the necessary research on their products, their performance, customer expiation and customer needs experienced in their current product market and anticipated venture markets.Through proper incorporation of the TOWS model, the organisation is able to understand market demands through incorporat ion of market penetration and development strategy, product development strategy and diversification strategy depending on current position of organisation products in the market and their anticipated growth strategy. Therefore strategy formation plays a vital role in enhancing organisational development through incorporation of various strategy development measures that aim at expanding organisations market share and scope.REFERENCES Choo, M, Chun, W & Bontis, N 2002, The Strategic guidance of Intellectual Capital and Organisational Knowledge. spic-and-span York Oxford University abridge. De Wit, B & Meyer, R 2004, Strategy, Process, Context and Content An International Perspective, 3rd ed. , London, Thomson International Business. Gomez, M, Luis R, Balkin, D, & Cardy, L 2008, Management People, Performance, Change, 3rd edn, New York McGraw-Hill Hunger, J & Wheelen, L 2001, Essentials of Strategic Management, Prentice Hall. Southwest. om, 2009, Southwest Airlines A sketch Histo ry. Retrieved on http//www. southwest. com/swamedia/swa_history. html Porter, M. E. 1980. Competitive Strategy Techniques for analyzing industries and competitors. New York The Free Press Southwest Airlines will become Launch Customer for the New Boeing 737 goo Aircraft 2011. Southwest Airlines Retrieved on 1st March 2013 http//www. swamedia. com/releases/7b1c6522-daf8-40be-98d4-ce354aa974d3 Sridhar, A. (2012) Information Systems Strategy and Management, master in Management Information Systems at UIC.

Cumberland Metal Industries

In January of 1980, Cumberland Metal Industries (CMI) had developed a new product for the softwood impulsive industry. Its new blow up, made of tightly curled metal, had the potential to break into an industry where little or no innovation was taking place. The CMI product testing showed great efficiency gains everyplace the current standard asbestos product. The existing competition consisted of small firms, few of which had the companionship or resources to design and develop new products. CMI seemed on the verge of interruption into a new market, where its product would be the technological front-runner.It now postulate to show its customers the look upon its product would provide, and value its new product accordingly. Without any consideration to potential savings realize in the worth of the product, the CMI plump provides additional value to the customer in two ways, time and asylum. utilise asbestos pads, a hill driver was able to drive approximately 150-160 fe et per hour. utilise the CMI pads, the same pile driver was able to drive 200 feet per hour. Additionally, the CMI pads neer went above a temperature of 250oF, which allowed them to be handled almost immediately.This outgrowth in revive and resiliency accounted for a productivity increase of 33% faster driving time. With regards to safety, the CMI pad alleviates any health hazard concerns, which many workers were starting to smell towards the asbestos pads. This in the long run could save the customer significant specie in healthcare costs and legal fees, should asbestos be proven to sheath health concerns. The primary get market for the CMI pad would be the plan/Construction contractors and Independent pile-driving contractors.These two categories would benefit the most from a disappoint cost alternative to asbestos, as well as from the time and safety efficiencies. The secondary target market would be the Pile Hammer Distributors and rental companies. This category may be less welcoming to the CMI pads, as the efficiencies realized by the contractors could translate into lost revenues due to fewer pads being essential and equipment being returned earlier. touch off of the promotional aspect of this product launch should focus on the industry subject matter experts, the Pile Hammer Manufacturers, and the architectural/Consulting Engineers.While these groups would not directly purchase this product, their opinions and specifications would be influential to the target markets. CMI had already submitted its pad for testing to Professor R. Stephen McCormack of Pennsylvania A&M University, who is well respected in the pile-driving field. While his results are not available, early indications are that his findings will be favorable. Should that be the case, CMI should promote these findings to the manufacturers and engineers, and work with them to engender the CMI pads legitimized as a viable option within the industry.In deciding where to set the p rice on the new pads, CMI must first look backward its manufacturing costs, as well as determine the value its product would adopt to its clients. The projected manufacturing costs are outlined in circuit card 1, with cardinal option video display the costs using existing equipment, and the other showing the costs with a $50,000 investment in new permanent tooling equipment. Table 1 pic As is shown in Table 1, the permanent tooling reduces manufacturing costs by 53%. CMI would prevail to sell 633 units to break even on the sign $50,000 investment, however in my opinion I believe this is well worthy it.By lowering its manufacturing costs, CMI can increase its borders, as well as increase its maneuverability with the product price. I will therefore introduction my pricing decision on the assumption that CMI invested in the permanent tooling equipment. CMI aged management has indicated that they are looking to receive a 50% margin on this product. Therefore, the minimum pric e option to be considered is $138. 36 per pad. Part of CMIs product testing included providing the pads to two responsible contractors, Colerick base of operations Company and Fazio Construction, for them to test against the asbestos pads in working conditions.From the Colerick test, we learned that the contractor would have needed 480 asbestos pads, at a organic cost of $1,000, to complete the job. In comparison, only 6 CMI pads would have been required. Therefore, in this situation, the exact comparable price per the job costs for a CMI pad to an asbestos pad would be ($1,000/6) $166. 66 per pad. The agree number of feet for the job was 15,000, and from the test results we learned that the asbestos pads lasted for 31. 25 feet of pile driving, dapple the CMI pads lasted for 2,500. This translates into 80 asbestos pads needed for every whiz one CMI pad.The average price of an asbestos pad is $3. 00 therefore the value to the contractor of a CMI pad would be (80 x $3) $240. In th e Fazio test, the contractor would have used 600 asbestos pads, at a total job cost of $2,000. Again, in comparison, only 5 CMI pads would have been needed. In this instance, the comparable price of a CMI pad would be ($2,000/5) $400 per pad. The total number of feet for this job was 12,000, and from these test results we learned that the asbestos pads lasted for 20 feet of pile driving, while the CMI pads lasted for 2,400.In this example, 120 asbestos pads would be needed for every one CMI pad. The value of a CMI pad to this contractor would be (120 x $3) $360. While these results set forth somewhat, they clearly show that the CMI pads last significantly longer than the current asbestos pads. For the plan of determining price, I will extrapolate from the findings that a CMI pad lasts for 2,500 feet of pile driving, while an asbestos pad last for 25 feet of pile driving. Therefore, the value of one CMI pad to a contractor is comparable to 100 asbestos pads.Given the asbestos price of $3. 00 per pad, the dollar value of a CMI pad to a contractor is $ three hundred per pad. Because CMI is the first to enter the market, with relatively weak competition, and protection from a patent, I recommend a skimming pricing strategy, with a focus on customer value. As a result, I would price the CMI pad at $162 per pad to our distributors, with an MSRP of $270. This would allow the distributors to market the product at a 10% price discount over asbestos, as well as the 33% increase in time productivity, and achieve a 40% margin. receivable to the limited initial manufacturing volume of 250 pads per month, I believe the best execute of action is to maximize possible revenue on each pad, kinda than try for market penetration. The price of $162 would provide CMI a margin of 57. 5%, which exceeds the requirement of senior management, and would allow the company to invest in forthcoming research and development, or perhaps an advertising program should it wish to increase m arket share in the future.