Rivers in Nepal

Nepal is rich in water resource. There are many small and big rivers. These are the natural gifts for Nepal. It is proved by the fact that Nepal is the second richest country in the world after Brazil in water resource. Most rivers in Nepal originate from the snow clad mountains. Among these rivers in Nepal Koshi, Gandaki, Narayani and Karnali are some of the biggest rivers which flow from the Himalayas all through the year. Koshi is considered as the largest and Karnali is considered as the longest rivers in Nepal.Similarly, there are other rivers such as Bagmati, Bheri, Rapti, Kamala, Seti, Marshyangdi, etc. And many zones of Nepal are named after these rivers. Rivers are known as the white gold in Nepal. Rivers have been used to generate hydroelectricity. For example, Sunkoshi, Marshyangdi and Trishuli are some of the leading hydroelectricity projects in Nepal. Since Nepal is an agricultural country, the multi purpose river projects have eased the farmers in the terai and some hil ly regions in irrigation and having multiple farming.Besides, these projects also have helped in the supply of drinking water in many parts of Nepal. Some of the big rivers like Narayani and Kali Gandaki have also provided a good navigation service to facilitate the villagers and the tourists. Another important use of rivers in Nepal is the most famous rafting sport. Mostly Bhote Koshi, Karnali and Trishuli are well known for rafting. They are helping Nepal to earn a substantial foreign currency which adds to the lion’s share of the national economy.It is therefore essential for Nepal to value and exploit the potential of these rivers in a sustainable manner. There is no denying the fact that Nepal can sell its electricity to its gigantic neighbours–India and China thereby adding a huge foreign currency into the pocket of its budget. The future of Nepal can be brightened if water resource is utilized well. Suggestions: In this question, our topic has two major words at the focus. They are Rivers and Nepal; therefore we have to show the relationship in between them. Understand the topic well first.On many occasions, students deal with only one part of the topic which makes them deviate from the content thereby resulting in poor performance in tests and exams. Pay more attention on writing the introducing and the concluding paragraphs. Make these two paragraphs short and specific. Do not end your essay with any negative aspect of the topic. Always end with a positive note and emphasis. Use connectives wherever necessary, but do not overuse them. Use them most importantly for connecting one paragraph with the other. Rivers in Nepal Nepal is rich in water resource. There are many small and big rivers. These are the natural gifts for Nepal. It is proved by the fact that Nepal is the second richest country in the world after Brazil in water resource.Most rivers in Nepal originate from the snow clad mountains. Among these rivers in Nepal Koshi, Gandaki, Narayani and Karnali are some of the biggest rivers which flow from the Himalayas all through the year. Koshi is considered as the largest and Karnali is considered as the longest rivers in Nepal. Similarly, there are other rivers such as Bagmati, Bheri, Rapti, Kamala, Seti, Marshyangdi, etc. And many zones of Nepal are named after these rivers.Rivers are known as the white gold in Nepal. Rivers have been used to generate hydroelectricity. For example, Sunkoshi, Marshyangdi and Trishuli are some of the leading hydroelectricity projects in Nepal. Since Nepal is an agricultural country, the multi purpose river projects have eased the farmers in the terai and some hill y regions in irrigation and having multiple farming. Besides, these projects also have helped in the supply of drinking water in many parts of Nepal.Some of the big rivers like Narayani and Kali Gandaki have also provided a good navigation service to facilitate the villagers and the tourists. Another important use of rivers in Nepal is the most famous rafting sport. Mostly Bhote Koshi, Karnali and Trishuli are well known for rafting. They are helping Nepal to earn a substantial foreign currency which adds to the lion’s share of the national economy.It is therefore essential for Nepal to value and exploit the potential of these rivers in a sustainable manner. There is no denying the fact that Nepal can sell its electricity to its gigantic neighbours–India and China thereby adding a huge foreign currency into the pocket of its budget. The future of Nepal can be brightened if water resource is utilized well.Suggestions:In this question, our topic has two major words at th e focus. They are Rivers and Nepal; therefore we have to show the relationship in between them. Understand the topic well first. On many occasions, students deal with only one part of the topic which makes them deviate from the content thereby resulting in poor performance in tests and exams. Pay more attention on  writing the introducing and the concluding paragraphs. Make these two paragraphs short and specific. Do not end your essay with any negative aspect of the topic. Always end with a positive note and emphasis. Use connectives wherever necessary, but do not overuse them. Use them most importantly for connecting one paragraph with the other.

Adoption of Islamic Banking Essay

The intention of the study is to identify the benefits which could be drawn in Adoption of Islamic banking by conventional banks and to determine the challenges they are going to face in the adoption. The 60 respondents from various conventional, non-Muslim banks have been chosen through simple random sampling. The result of the survey for the questions regarding the awareness of the local people was considered positive in Edgware Road, London. They were mostly familiar with Islamic banking since there is already established Islamic bank in the area. The first branch of The Islamic Bank of Britain was in this area. It was also found out that a good portion non-Muslims are aware about the features of Islamic banking. A number of these non-Muslim respondents were also found to be employees of Islamic banks. The fact that Islamic Bank of Britain employs the best person for the job regardless of color, creed, gender, and ethnicity, the system makes it more familiar to non-Muslims. It may be concluded that although Islamic banking is a good alternative to the conventional banking system, it should not replace the conventional system. The benefits drawn in the adoption of Islamic banking may be a very good alternative for investors who could use either or both systems to maximize the outcome of their investment plans. Chapter 1 Introduction 1. 1 Introduction What is Islamic Banking? Islamic Baking is quite a different system compared to a conventional banking system. The Islamic banking system prohibit usury and interest categorized as riba. It is governed by Shariah where Islam does not distinguish interest and usury (Haron 1995, p. 26). Currently, there are more than 150 interest-free institutions all over the world according to the International Association of Islamic Banks. Islamic banks nowadays were also serving non-Muslim countries such as Denmark, Switzerland and other Western countries. No interest is paid nor charged in an Islamic Bank. (Haron 1995, p. 26). The pioneer Mit Ghamr Local Savings Banks was established in 1963, somewhere in Nile Delta, Egypt, a provincial rural center. Although most of the banks operate in Muslim countries, it was also extended to the Western world. An example is the Islamic Banking System International Holding which was established in Luxembourg in 1978. It is considered as the first Islamic bank in the Western soil. The establishments of these banks were followed by other Islamic banks not only serving Muslim customers but also those who expanded their operations to service non-Muslims (Haron 1995, p. 27). After more than a decade since its establishment, it was estimated that over US$20 billion to US$40 billon of assets existed in the Islamic banking system worldwide. Currently, they have grown for more than US$60 billion. A study shows that the adoption of Islamic Banking in a financial system has not led to collapse as some feared to happen (Ghannadian & Goswami 2004, p. 242). Islamic banking is also playing a very important role in resource allocation, mobilization and utilization. It means Islamic banks are also providing savings to depositors and credits to the needy. Normal deposits such as savings account, current account and investment deposits are very available to customers. Islamic banks provide financial assistance in a short or long term business and individuals. They are also involved in international trade activities (Haron 1995, p. 27). 1. 2 Research Background It is difficult to pinpoint when Islamic banking started, but consensus suggests that it took place in Egypt in the 1960’s. In the mid 1970’s, Islamic banking started to take root in other Muslim countries. The changes were explained into main factors. First, the 1970s have seen oil price shocks which led to a massive transfer of wealth for the oil-consuming to oil-producing countries. Second is the fact that the oil shock coincided with the Iranian revolution which brought about the Khomeini government and the first Islamic republic (Akacem & Gilliam 2002, p. 126). By 2003, there were about 176 Islamic banks around the world, handling over US$ 147 billion and 32 banks are in an Arab state (Info Prod Research, 2003). This form of specialized banking may help to promote growth in the developing countries (Ghannadian & Goswami 2004, p. 242). As recent as 2003, there have been news about the introduction of Islamic hedge funds which could tap into the capital of Islamic families that could be worth a trillion dollars in asset management. According to banking statistics, the growth rate of Islamic banking has outpaced the growth of traditional banking in the past decade. Transformation Oriented Developing Economies (TODEs) made the transformation of society into full pledged market based economies (MBEs) a centerpiece in overall strategies. Many structural changes are required in its financial institutions, especially that the role of a financial intermediary in supplying funds to a growing new industry is crucial. Moreover, there are times when improper resource allocation may potentially result destabilization due to either faulty risk assessments. Or because of the design of its contract could be significant in examining the implementation of an Islamic banking system and how Islamic banks can provide liquidity and aid in creating money. This is through offering transactions accounts with compensation for inflation to risk-avoiding depositors (Ghannadian & Goswami 2004, p. 242). Evolution of Islamic The first modern experiment with Islamic banking was undertaken in Egypt. The pioneering effort of projecting Islamic image was led by Ahmad El Najjar who aimed to establish a savings bank based on profit-sharing in the town of Mit Ghamr in 1963. This experiment lasted until 1967, and by that time there were nine banks operating in the country. These banks neither charged nor paid interest and invested mostly in trade and industry directly or in forms of partnership and shared their profit with the depositors. This function is essentially a savings investment institution rather than a commercial bank. The Nasir Social Bank was established in 1971, IDB established in 1974 by the Organization of Islamic countries, and was the primarily inter-governmental bank aimed at providing funds for development projects in member countries (Sohrab 1996, p. 287). In considering the adoption of Islamic banking by conventional banks, what kind of benefits may be drawn from such adoption and the challenges they are going to face in undertaking such? Most benefits that may be drawn from the adoption of Islamic banking by conventional banks come from the features of its equity financing contract. With Mudaraba (trustee financing) and Musharaka (equity participation), entrepreneurs with little means and substantial collateral are able to gain access to capital (Sohrab 1996, p. 288). In addition, few businesses are able to operate strictly on cash basis without taking on debt or selling a portion of the business just to cover shortfalls or when there is a need for expansion (Bartlett & Economy 2002, p. 184). Because of this, it will be more attractive to engage into Islamic bank equity financing than that of conventional banks offering debt financing thus, making Islamic banking more competitive with regards to innovative entrepreneurial customers.

Advantages Of Banner Advertising Marketing Essay

Advantages Of Banner Advertising Marketing Essay The key of successful business is the business how to promote the product and services to all readers by using the online. According to the statistical data, more of the 80% people will everyday surf through the technologically such as internet. So, the internet has becomes an indispensable part of people’s lives. Thus, it can be considered a wide channel for the business which wants to promote their products and services to all the people. The online advertising method has becomes the most popular method for the business. It is because online advertising is easy and low advertising cost. Besides that, the online advertising also have a lot of the readers or viewers. There are many method of online advertising that can used to promote the product and services such as bloggers advertising, banner advertising, email advertising, forum advertising and so on. But in this assignment, I would like to go on deep about the banner advertising. Advantages of Banner Advertising Banner A dvertising is a most important component of web-business creation. It is a good method for make profits via the website. It is because banner advertising is very simple and easy by just sign up an affiliate programs and follow the instruction given to create an attractive banner that link your website with the advertiser. We can free to choose the design of the layout and content of our site. With the pay-per-click advertisements, we can get paid from viewer who clicked on your banner. Moreover, it is easier for viewers to remember the company name. On the other hand, it become more effective and convenience compare when compare with other online advertising. Furthermore, the banner advertising is inexpensive. It normally counts by the size of the banner or loads of a banner advertisement, a cost per miles (CPM) for a minimum purchase. For example, if you make a banner ad on Yahoo, it cost you a CPM of $20 – $25. It is much cheaper than other advertising media. Compare with o thers, the small firm or company can afford for the banner advertising cost. In addition, by using the banner advertising that can easy got a lot of larger audiences and target segments can be accessed. Last but not least, with the banner advertising, we can share the information at anywhere and in any times. It is because the internet is links worldwide. So, everyone can access to the Internet 24 hours daily thus the banner advertisement created can be logged on anytime and anyplace. Besides that, publisher also update the product and service information release products and services as well as promotion instantly. Disadvantages of Banner Advertising There are few disadvantages of banner advertising. Firstly, there is no assurance of the audience responses. It is because banner only assures that the banner advertising maybe will just be viewed by people and is no guarantee that people will click on the banner advertising. Secondly, the publisher must make sure that the banner adver tising are attractive and innovative. It is because if the banner advertising is not attracted by the reader, then nobody would click into the banner advertising and deliver the message advertising . It is waste time and cost because maybe the business or firm need to hire the professional for creating a unique banner in order to compete with the competitors.

Desiree's Baby by Kate Chopin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Desiree's Baby by Kate Chopin - Essay Example At first, having a baby made the couple happy, and the husband even more tender. However, after a few months, the once loving Armand became cold and distant, due to the baby being born with a very dark skin. Armand accused Desiree of not being white, since their child was not white (Chopin 206). No matter how much Desiree pleaded, her husband thought of her as a slave, which made her feel even worse and depressed. She went back home to her mother, and the last blow was when her husband did not even turn around to say goodbye. Months later, just when Armand was burning the remnants of his married life, including her letters and clothes, he stumbled upon the knife-hitting truth: a letter from his mother to his father revealed that it was actually him, who has the blood of a slave race, concluding the story of how his son came to look like one. During the time the story was written, it can be deduced that there were already interracial marriages between the blacks and the whites. However, it was still being frowned upon by the society, which made some relationships fall apart, like in the story of Desiree and Armand. Even though Desiree has hands whiter than Armand’s, she was still presumed to be a descendant of slaves, since she was the one who bore his child (Chopin 206). Because people were not fully aware of this, many people would marry and would be surprised to have a dark-skinned baby. This proved to be the measure of Armand’s love for Desiree, and sending her away would not give him any redemption after learning that it was he, not her who has the blood of slaves (Chopin 208). A reason why Armand was never told of his true identity by his parents was in order for him to be able to live at peace with himself. It can be seen in this narrative that aside from the prejudice blacks and their descendants re ceive from the whites, there is also the

People of Jewish Heritage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

People of Jewish Heritage - Essay Example In addition to this, they Jews have freewill to do what they wish. However, everyone is responsible for the choices he makes. They also believe they are connected to each other regardless of where they live. They form one global Jewish community. They also respect the Torah because it contains all the commandments given by God (Purnell, 2013). Jews believe in life after death. They believe that their souls continue to flourish even in death. They also argue that nothing should be used on a patient to prevent them from dying a natural death or extending their dying process. Therefore, drugs may be viewed as substance which prevents death. It would be in appropriate for a heath practitioner to treat a patient using drugs and yet the chances of the patient to survive are very minimal. However, regardless of the patient health condition, pain among the patients must be relieved at all cost. The Jews do not carry out autopsy on the dead because they believe that a person’s body should not be interfered with so that they can use it in the afterlife (Purnell, 2013). The nurse words of comfort were inappropriate because it is only God who can decide when to give or take a life. Jews do not require another party to confess their sins. Instead, they pray individually and ask God for forgiveness. Nonetheless, the Jews have a personal confession prayer that they carry out when they are sure of death. The confession is called viddui and it might be said by the patient or someone on his behalf in case he is too sick to say. The Jews also believe God is the giver of life and can also take it. In addition to this, the Jews also view sickness as part of life that God has set in motion. They regularly recite a prayer for healing. The prayers can be said anywhere including hospitals. The Jews also have a tradition of visiting one another in hospital to give support and comfort (Purnell, 2013). Care tends to shift from curing measure to relieve of pain, emotional

Care study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Care study - Essay Example The Eskimos have a tradition wherein when a member of the family has reached an age where he or she is no longer an active participant of the tribe, the son or the closest member of the family is tasked to take him miles from the home and leave him in the freezing cold. Such practice, although barbaric, was accepted not only by the family member who has to do the form of euthanasia but also by elderly himself to be his fate. In simple logic, those who no longer contribute to the benefit of the family has lost his worth and must therefore accept the reality of death as promulgated by those close to him. The very thought of this scenario where an old person is left to die in frigid weather arouses disturbing thoughts in a humane perspective. The necessity to enforce that every person must be attributed with not only the quality of life but also the quality of death should be affixed to the elderly. The elderly psychiatry ward poses a professional challenge to the individuals assigned to it. But most importantly, it also yields the obligation to impart an emotional aspect to the care that they receive. Otherwise, rather than being treated as individuals, they may be deprived of the respect that is not entirely undue to them. There are a number of problems that arises in the nursing profession. One of such that persists is the ethical dilemmas that health professionals face in their career. Ethics, or in simple interpretation is the ability to distinguish between right and wrong is embraced in the moral conception of decision-making for individuals. Being professional is synonymous to doing the right thing that is good not only for the client but also for one’s own being. The Nursing & Midwifery Council’s promulgation of a Code of Conduct provides for set guidelines that must be met by nurses and midwives in their careers and their interaction with clients to ensure that they remain faithful to their oath. Rumbold (as

The Consumer with Diagnosis of Anorexia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Consumer with Diagnosis of Anorexia - Essay Example 331). Anorexia nervosa involves restricting oneself of food intake and nutrients while anorexia bulimia involves repeated acts of bingeing and purging. Thus, people with the disorder are characterized with either loss of desire to eat or purging behaviors in intent to reduce weight. In the United States, the incidence and prevalence of Americans afflicted with anorexia have risen steadily to 1.2 million individuals and majority of this statistic are adolescents and women (Mehler and Krantz, 2003, p. 331). Anorexia is also common among cancer patients in U.S. with 50% of cancer patients who developed anorexia upon diagnosis and 60%-65% when in the later stage of the disease (Adams et al. 2009, p. 96). The increasing incidence of anorexia for the past decades has been attributed to physiologic, gastrointestinal, metabolic, nutritional, neuronal, endocrine, and societal factors such as emphasis on promoting dieting behaviors and thinness. To study further anorexia, this paper will discu ss the different signs and symptoms of anorexia during a mental status examination, the evidence-based therapeutic interventions, and the potential risks to self and others of unmanaged anorexia. Signs and Symptoms during Mental Status Examination During mental status examination, the consumer with anorexia may present to the emergency department in lethargic state. According to Gurenlian (2002), the dehydration and malnutrition brought by severe dieting may result to headaches, lethargy, and syncope (p. 221). In addition, prolonged protein and electrolyte depletion in the body will lead to weakness, dizziness, and paresthesia. A consumer with anorexia demonstrates behaviors that are profoundly narrow, rigid, and disconnected from reality (Merwin at al. 2011, p. 63). Emotions are suppressed to reduce distress in weight and body image and speech is centered rigidly on verbal guidelines about eating and exercises; thus, becomes preoccupied with weight and body image. Due to emotional suppression, anorexic consumers also have poor self-image and greater rate of suicide attempts (Keifer et al. 2010, p. 304). Thought contents include delusion of seeing oneself as fat, suicidal ideations, and obsessions (Harris, Eberly and Cumella, 2004, p. 24-25). Nutritional and emotional suppression not only account for the delusional thoughts and decreased mental state but also in being less responsive to feedback when learning a task and difficulty in concentrating and making decisions. Evidence-based Therapeutic Interventions Adams et al. (2009) conducted a review of evidence-based interventions to treat and manage anorexia and found out a limited number of empirically-based interventions recommended for management of the disorder (p. 100). Interventions that were reviewed for evidence in the study include dietary interventions and counseling, intake of oral supplements, and use of pharmacologic agents. Based upon the evidences, only two pharmacological interventions are recom mended for treatment of anorexia: these include use of corticosteroids and progestin. Systematic reviews confirmed that corticosteroids stimulate appetite and promote weight gain while progestin not only treat hormone-dependent tumors but has additional effect of increasing body weight and appetite (Adams et al. 2009, p. 98). Dietary interventions and counseling were also found to be effective in reducing incidence of anorexia through improvement in nutritional intake and

Global Corporate Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global Corporate Governance - Essay Example e legislature develops a platform that regulates the company’s decisions and interactions with other partners to safeguard all stakeholders’ interests. The executive arm of government also formulates policies and enforces all legal provisions while the judiciary interprets laws and policies to compliance. Implementation of established laws also stipulates liabilities and remedies in cases of infringed rights (Daft and Marcic 60-63). The company particularly experienced government intervention in its case against Samsung in which Samsung was accused of infringing Apple’s intellectual property right. In the case, government intervention protected the company’s interest in its innovation and therefore promoted its revenues from the protected products. The case also identifies the effects of government regulations in controlling the company’s actions towards its stakeholders because any illegal act is punishable by law (Svensson 1). Competition is another external environmental factor that affects the company and emanates from organizations that supplies products with similar utility. It affects Apple’s market control as well as profit levels because of relatively reduced sales volumes and scarcity of resources (Daft and Marcic 64). Competition from other companies such as Samsung that produces and sells products with similar technological applications offers consumers alternatives that lead to shared market. Consequently, apple has to develop strategies for acquiring and retaining customers, whether through price reduction, improved quality, or product diversification. The stiff competition has also made the company a victim of counterfeit products as its competitors have been accused and convicted of unlawfully copping its technology, an issue that grants the competitors a market advantage against Apple (Svensson 1). Human resource management is a sensitive issue that drives an organization’s productivity, and Apple has been keen on its personnel

Student Misconceptions in Secondary Science Dissertation

Student Misconceptions in Secondary Science - Dissertation Example This topic is significant as it connects research to practice. The paper interviews 9 science teachers from three different high schools, and observes two of them in class while introducing a new concept. The research found that there exists a considerable alignment between research and practice with quite a considerable number of teachers employing researched recommendations to deal with student misconceptions. This is despite the fact that in comparison not many teachers have extensive knowledge of research report recommendations. Introduction When teachers instruct students on various concepts from a wide array of subjects, they often encounter students who already have their own preconceived ideas about the theories and concepts on how things work. This is more so in science subjects where children get to understand various aspects of science in their own ways before they are taught on such concepts. For instance some science students before being taught about the galaxy may think that the earth is the biggest planet there is and exists on its own, or they may think that the moon has its own light, or that it is the sun that moves around the earth rather the earth since they can see the sun move and not feel the earth tilt. Indeed research shows that when students come to class to learn they often have their own prior rich knowledge on how science works based on their own experiences, peer interactions, and also based on some science knowledge they have attained or the based on erroneous concepts taught by previous instructors (Yip, 1999:207; Bulunuz, Jarrett, & Bulunuz, 2008:32-33). Such prior knowledge or preconceptions may impact positive or negatively the learning process of a student. Guzzetti (2000:89) in her research report supports this impact by noting that that prior conceptions has on learning experiences by noting that students who hold prior views concerning a given concept do not easily give up these notions. This implies that breaking down misconceptions held by students so as to build correct is noted as one the toughest parts in teaching students of all ages. A mass body of knowledge in research has been dedicated in studying various science misconceptions held by students and recommendations passed forward on how teachers can deal with such misconceptions in order to ensure effective knowledge transfer to the students (Bulunuz, Jarrett, & Bulunuz, 2008; Guzzetti, 2000; Yip, 1998). No known study to the author though has so far reviewed and analysed how the use of such recommendations have been in class, or the degree to which such recommendations put down in research are adopted by secondary school teachers in dealing with misconceptions in science subjects. This research report seeks to cover this gap in knowledge and investigate by how far research meets practise by seeking to answer the research question: how well do science teachers us e research recommendations to deal with student misconceptions in science? Literature Review Student Science Misconceptions Guest (2003:2) defines student misconceptions as student’s viewpoints that are different from the conventionally known science knowledge where such beliefs are as a result of previous experience. Others such as Bulnuz, Jarret and Bulunuz (2008:32) and Thompson and Logue (2006:553) view student misconceptions as ideas that provide a crooked and incorrect way to understand about scientific concepts and which may be as a result of personal experiences, everyday language, media or even incorrect instructional material or incorrect ideas from some instructors. These misconceptions are often deep-rooted and tend to be difficult to change (Thompson and Logue, 2006; Guest, 2003: Chi, 2005).

Recommendation Letter Essay Example for Free

Recommendation Letter Essay In my opinion, I have never before written a recommendation letter where the candidate and the opportunity were such a perfect fit. I have known Janet Lerner for two years now, since she took my introductory course in dinosaurs during her sophomore year. In my long teaching career, I have never met an undergraduate student with such a genuine and focused interest in paleontology, and such a clear aptitude for it. I will demonstrate this by speaking to Janet’s ability as a communicator, her specific interest in dinosaur paleontology, and her maturity and integrity. Janet informs me that you are seeking a skilled communicator to give tours of your animatronic displays. Even during her sophomore year, Janet was a skilled communicator on the subject of dinosaur paleontology. In my class, for which she received an A, Janet wrote two compositions: one on the roots of the discovery and the characteristics of Deinonychus; one evaluating the defensive capabilities of Euoplocephalus. Janet proved herself not only exceptionally articulate and schooled on the subject at hand, but she also showed herself capable of wielding an argument—moving from premise to conclusion based on relevant evidence. Janet also did all this with style and flair. I cite excerpts from her papers: â€Å"Previously seen as cold-blooded, pea-brained lizards . . .† and â€Å"The toe muscles acted as a spring mechanism to flick the claw around towards the back of the foot.† For me, such articulations underscore both Janet’s authentic fascination with dinosaurs and her ability to communicate that excitement and knowledge to others. As an academic advisor to the dormitory where Janet lives, I frequently witness her interactions with others and know first-hand of her community service. Last year, Janet was the elected vice-president in the dormitory, and in this role she was responsible for numerous functions, including faculty/student lunches and a recruiting phoneathon. Janet is well-respected in the dormitory—a popular figure known for her honesty, calm, and kindness. I have seen her handle delicate situations with discretion, and she handles herself in all situations with poise. Finally, Janet has strong convictions tempered by good judgment and reason; she has firm spiritual roots and an active, diverse, social life; she is loyal, committed, and clear-sighted. It is a rare treat to encounter a student as impressive as Janet Lerner, and if you give her the opportunity I am sure you will find her equally impressive. Please do give her your most thoughtful consideration.

How Organization Wide Change Is Best Carried Out Management Essay

How Organization Wide Change Is Best Carried Out Management Essay Both change and continuity may be desirable for the triumphant accomplishment of change. Picture upon the results of an global investigation the article suggests: 1. Company are deteriorating to fully consider the consequences and implications of change. 2. Many changes individual introduced as a result of contemporary management carry out have negative impacts. 3. The hypothesis of steady linear progress is not always justified. 4. Continuity and change are important complements, and more attention needs to be devoted to the continuity of valued relationships. 5. People should be given the liberty to decide the level and nature of modify required in relation to their exacting activities. 6. More holistic, thoughtful and people centered approaches to management are needed. To really appreciate organizational change and begin guide thriving change efforts, the change agent should have at least a broad understanding of the circumstance of the change effort. This includes considerate the basic systems and structure in organizations, as well as their typical terms and roles. This obligation applies to the understanding of leadership and management of the organizations, as well. That is why divide up courses in business often initially include a course or some discussion on organizational theory. This topic includes several links to help you gain this broad accepting. The following relations broadly reviewed in the following order might be helpful to establish some sense about organizations, and their leadership and management. Overview of Change Management There are several phrase regarding organizational change and development that look and sound a lot similar, but have diverse meanings. As a result of the importance of the topic, there seem to be increasingly different interpretation of some of this phrase, while others are used interchangeably. Without at least some sense of the difference between these phrases, connections about organizational change and development can be more and more vague, confusing and frustrating. Methodology of the study: What is Organizational Change: Typically, the concept of organizational transform is in stare to organization-wide change, as opposed to smaller changes such as addition a new person, modify a program, etc. Examples of organization-wide change might contain a change in mission, reformation operations, new technologies, mergers, major collaborations, rightsizing, new program such as total quality management, re-engineering, etc. Some experts refer to organizational alteration. Often this term designates a basic and radical reorientation in the way the organization operates. What is Provokes Organizational Change: Modify should not be done for the sake of change its a policy to accomplish some in general goal. Usually organizational change is aggravated by some major outside heavy force, substantial cuts in funding, address major new markets/clients, need for dramatic increase in efficiency/services, etc. Typically, organizations must commence organization-wide change to evolve to a similar level in their life cycle, going from a highly instant, capitalist organization to more steady and planned development. Change to a new chief executive can incite organization-wide change when his or her new and unique personality pervades the entire organization. Why is Organization-Wide Change Difficult to Accomplish: Typically there are tough resistances to modify. People are afraid of the unknown. Many people think things are by now just fine and dont appreciate the need for change. Many are inherently cynical about change, particularly from reading about the idea of change as if its a mantra. Many hesitations there are effective means to accomplish major organizational change. Often there are conflicting goals in the organization, to increase resources to accomplish the change yet concurrently cut costs to remain viable. Organization-wide change often goes against the very values detained dear by members in the organization, that is, the change may go alongside how members believe things should be done. Thats why much of organizational-change text discusses wanted changes in the development of the organization, including changes in members values and beliefs and in the way they ratify these values and beliefs. How Organization-Wide Change Is Best Carried Out: Winning change must engage top management, as well as the board and chief executive. Typically theres a champion who originally instigate the change by being creative, persuasive and consistent. A change agent role is usually responsible to translate the vision to a sensible plan and carry out the plan. Change is frequently best carried out as a team-wide attempt. Communications about the change should be common and with all organization members. To maintain change, the structure of the institute itself should be customized, including strategic plans, policies and procedures. This change in the structures of the organization typically involves an unfreezing, change and re-freezing procedure. The best approach to address resistances is from side to side increased and continued communications and education. For example, the leader should meet with all managers and employees to explain reason for the change, how it usually will be carried out and where others can go for supplementary information. A plan should be developed and communicate. Plans do change. Thats fine, but communicate that the preparation has tainted and why. forum should be held for organization members to state their ideas for the plan. They should be able to state their concerns and aggravation as fit. Some General Guidelines to Organization-Wide Change: In adding to the general strategy listed above, there are a few other basic guidelines to keep in mind. 1. Consider using a counselor. Ensure the consultant is highly knowledgeable in organization-wide change. Ask to see reference and check the references. 2. Widely communicate the possible need for change. Communicate what youre doing about it. Communicate what was done and how it work out. 3. Get as much advice as sensible from employees, including what they think are the problems and what should be done to determine them. If possible, work with a team of employees to manage the change. 4. Dont get wrap up in doing change for the sake of change. Know why youre making the change. What goal do you hope to achieve? 5. Plan the change. How do you plan to get to the goals, what will you need to reach the goals, how extended might it take and how will you know when youve reach your goals or not? Focus on the coordination of the departments/programs in your organization, not on each part by itself. Have someone in charge of the plan. 6. End up having every employee in the end exposure to one person, if possible, and they should know who that being is. Job images are often complained about, but they are useful in specifying who reports to whom. 7. Delegate decision to workers as much as possible. This includes yielding them the power and responsibility to get the job done. As much as possible, let them decide how to do the project. 8. The process wont be an it will take longer than you think. 9. Keep perspective. Keep listening carefully on meeting the needs of your consumer or clients. 10. Take care of yourself first. Organization-wide change can be extremely stressful. 11. Dont look for to control change, but rather to expect it, appreciate it and manage it. 12. Include conclusion in the plan. Recognize and celebrate your accomplishments. 13. Read some resources about organizational change, as well as new forms and structures. Finds of the study: Harley-Davidson copes against Suzuki to survive and take over in the market by the following way: Level 1- shaping and anticipating the future : At this level, Harley-Davidson start out with few assumptions about the business itself, what it is good at, and what the future will be like. Management generates alternate scenarios of the future, defines opportunities based on these possible futures, assesses its strengths and weaknesses in these scenarios changes its mission, measurement system etc Level 2 Harley-Davidson defining what business to be in and their Core Competencies: Many attempts at strategic planning start at this level, either assuming that: 1) The future will be like the past or at least expected 2) The future is personified in the CEOs of Harley-Davidson vision for the future 3) Management doesnt know where besides to start 4) Management is too scared to start at leve because of the changes needed to really meet future necessities 5) The only permission they have is to refine what job already exists. After a mission has been defined and SWOT strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats analysis is finished, an organization can then define its actions, goals, strategies. More information on this is in the next article, moving from the Future to your Strategy. Level 3 Reengineering (Structurally Changing) Your Processes: Either as a result or result of level one or two work Harley-Davidson independent action, level three work focuses on basically changing how work is consummate. Rather than focus on modest improvement, reengineering focuses on making major structural changes to everyday with the goal of considerably improving productivity, efficiency, quality or customer satisfaction. Level 4 Incrementally Changing your Processes: Harley-Davidsons changes are focus in making many small changes to obtainable work processes. Oftentimes organizations put in substantial effort into getting every employee focused on creation these small changes, often with substantial effect. Unfortunately, making improvement on how a buggy whip for horse-drawn carriages is made will hardly ever come up with the idea that buggy whips are no longer necessary because cars have been invented. To read more about organizational changes and how it compare to level , We trained an internal facilitator, helped them deliver teaching in a just-in-time fashion, and had them focus on specific technical problems. The team management shaped reduced early quality defects by 48%. The disadvantage of such an incremental move toward includes avoid structural, system-wide problems, and assume existing processes need modest development. In addition, using incremental approaches can be frustrating to employees and management if does not catch on in the organization. As a result of these disadvantages, many organizations experience a high risk of failure in the long run. Harley-Davidson also takes positive decisions in the following ways: These levels have much of the similar goal increasing customer fulfillment, doing things right the first time, greater employee efficiency, etc. in spite of these similarities, they differ considerably in the methods they use to achieve these goals. In Harley-Davidsons skill, companies that use this method tend to have a elevated need for change, risk-tolerant management, comparatively few constraint and have considerable agreement among its management on what to do. Types of industries include those whose environment requires rapid revision to fast-moving events, electronics, information systems and telecommunication industries. Companies using mostly incremental tools have management that perceives only a unassuming require for change, is relatively risk-avoidant, has many constraint on its events and only has a modest consensus among themselves on what to do. Harley-Davidson using level three methods. If they are considering changes in business lines, re-organizing by customer instead of by purpose, or making key changes in how the everyday employee is being paid, they are using method. regrettably, all of this argument hinges in managements belief about how much change is necessary. This belief often hinges on their often unaided beliefs of: 1) How well the organization performs compare to other organizations a not have of benchmarking. 2) What the future will be. As a result, my suggestion is that organizations conduct scenario/strategic planning movements anyway, even if they have by now decided that incremental method will be sufficient to solve their problems. This way organization can be aware of the limits of the lower-level methods they are using and understand when it is best to throw away these lower-level methods for something more substantive. Based on this exercise, comparison of existing inner processes with world-class examples benchmarking and market study, management may come to realize how much change is necessary. Goals Based on no matter what level work you are doing, the chance that are found need to be evaluate to determine which of them best suit the obtainable and future capability of the organization and offer the most bang for the buck in terms of development in your measures of success. In calculation, goals need to have the resources. Harley Davidson uses the slogan We will expand into the polystyrene market within the next five years and achieve 20% market share. Strategies Harley-Davidson focuses on what, strategies focus on how. Some examples include: We will re-engineer our research and development process We will evaluate and improve our sales and marketing department We will conduct a SWOT analysis and then define our core competencies Supplementary examples of strategy are included in the affecting from the future to your strategy. Wait a second. Arent goal and strategy really the same. They are in one sagacity as they both need to be SMART. As what you force guess, the goals of a level are achieve by create strategies at the minor levels. History of Harley Davidson: William S. Harley and Arthur Davidson make available to the public the first production Harley-Davidson motorcycle. The bike was built to be a racer, with a 3-1/8 inch bore and 3-1/2 inch stroke. The factory in which they worked was a 10 x 15-foot wooden shed with the words Harley-Davidson Motor Company crudely scrawled on the door. Arthurs brother Walter later joins their efforts. Harley-Davidson Motor Company is incorporated on September 17th. The stock is split four ways between the four founders, and staff size has more than doubled from the previous year to eighteen employees. Factory size is doubled as well. Dealer recruitment begins, targeting the New England region. In 1908, Walter Davidson himself scored a perfect 1000 at the annual Federation of American Motorcyclists (FAM) Endurance and Reliability Contest. Three days later, he set an FAM economy record at 188.234 mpg. Also in 1908, the first motorcycle sold for police duty was delivered to the Detroit police force. By 1909 Harley-Davidson was bustling, and the partners introduced the very first Harley-Davidson V-twin engine, a design that continues to thrive to this day. From that base, they built twin-cam V-twins, overhead-cam V-twins and 4-valve V-twinsall before 1920. The company exported its first bike, to Japan, in 1912. In 1916, the company began publishing a magazineThe Enthusiastfor its customers. Still available today, it stands as the longest continuously published motorcycle periodical in the world. During the war, the famous Wrecking Crew, Harleys team of factory riders, was nearly unbeatable in racing, and in 1921, the Crew won every race during the season. Although prime competitor Indian was two years older than Harley-Davidson, Harley was already becoming dominant, both in sales and racing. To further spur buyers, Harley introduced bike financing in 1923. Despite the fact that the country was in the throes of the Great Depression, in 1938 Harley-Davidson introduced the overhead-valve V-twin engine that would come to be known as the Knucklehead, as well as the sophisticated new bike that went around it. That engine and its refinements stuck around for 12 years. The same year, Harley licensed the manufacture of and supplied tooling for a Japanese version of the Harley, called Rikuo, for which the Japanese company Sankyo never paid any royalties. In 1937, Harleys factories were unionized. Mission of Harley Davidson Heritage Harley-Davidson fulfills dreams by providing all riders and customers with a friendly, comfortable and knowledgeable Harley-Davidson environment. We will consistently treat everyone with fairness and integrity and be genuinely interested in their satisfaction and in maintaining a long term relationship. Vision of Harley Davidson Our vision is to provide an unsurpassed experience for all motorcycle enthusiasts while providing fulfilling, worthwhile work and growth opportunities for our team of trained professionals. We strive for continuous improvement in everything we do. Our Work Values Integrity; Loyalty; Fairness; Competence; Sharing knowledge; Accomplishment. We ride with our customers and apply this deep connection in every market we serve to create superior value for all of our stakeholders. Harley-Davidsons values are These are our values. They are the heart of how we run our business. They guide our actions and serve as the framework for the decisions and contributions our employees make at every level of the Company. Tell the Truth. Be Fair. Keep Your Promises. Respect the Individual. Encourage Intellectual Curiosity. Harley-Davidsons financial reports: In Millions of USD (except for per share items) 3 months ending 2009-12-31 9 months ending 2009-09-27 3 months ending 2009-06-28 3 months ending 2009-03-29 3 months ending 2008-12-31 Revenue 893.65 3,888.26 1,277.61 1,395.32 1,342.92 Other Revenue, Total Total Revenue 893.65 3,888.26 1,277.61 1,395.32 1,342.92 Cost of Revenue, Total 743.86 2,738.14 953.45 907.33 959.56 Gross Profit 149.79 1,150.12 324.16 487.99 383.36 Selling/General/Admin. Expenses, Total 256.39 594.78 209.89 221.08 246.05 Research Development Depreciation/Amortization Interest Expense(Income) Net Operating Unusual Expense (Income) 122.34 130.33 43.52 34.86 0.00 Other Operating Expenses, Total Total Operating Expense 1,122.58 3,463.24 1,206.86 1,163.27 1,205.61 Operating Income -228.93 425.01 70.75 232.05 137.31 Interest Income(Expense), Net Non-Operating Gain (Loss) on Sale of Assets Other, Net Income Before Tax -238.10 416.76 69.53 223.74 138.04 Income After Tax -147.17 217.81 19.75 117.35 91.94 Minority Interest Equity In Affiliates Net Income Before Extra. Items -147.17 217.81 19.75 117.35 91.94 Accounting Change Discontinued Operations Extraordinary Item Net Income -218.70 163.58 19.75 117.35 77.81 Preferred Dividends Income Available to Common Excl. Extra Items -147.17 217.81 19.75 117.35 91.94 Income Available to Common Incl. Extra Items -218.70 163.58 19.75 117.35 77.81 Basic Weighted Average Shares Basic EPS Excluding Extraordinary Items Basic EPS Including Extraordinary Items Dilution Adjustment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Diluted Weighted Average Shares 232.72 234.43 233.52 232.65 232.04 Diluted EPS Excluding Extraordinary Items -0.63 0.93 0.08 0.50 0.40 Diluted EPS Including Extraordinary Items Dividends per Share Common Stock Primary Issue 0.10 0.30 0.10 0.10 0.33 Gross Dividends Common Stock Net Income after Stock Based Comp. Expense Basic EPS after Stock Based Comp. Expense Diluted EPS after Stock Based Comp. Expense Depreciation, Supplemental Total Special Items Normalized Income Before Taxes Effect of Special Items on Income Taxes Income Taxes Ex. Impact of Special Items Normalized Income After Taxes Normalized Income Avail to Common Basic Normalized EPS Diluted Normalized EPS -0.29 1.22 0.21 0.58 0.40 Findings of the study: There are no typical activities that always effectively address certain types of issues in organizations. Many times, the achievement of a project lies not with having chosen the perfect choice of actions, but rather with how honest and participative people were during the project, how much they learned and how open they were to altering their plans for change. However, there are some basic consideration that most people make when select from among the many choices for organizational expansion, or capacity building, actions. Considerations include: First, does the change-management method propose what organizational growth activities to use now, for example, the method of strategic management might propose that a SWOT analysis be done, strategic goals be recognized along with action tactics for each goal, and then achievement of the action plans be closely monitor. Frequent Monitoring the Dealers: Continuous monitoring system is very important to observe the market. Therefore Marketing Executives visit to the distributors should be more frequent like other competitor companies To Increase good relationship: Distributors are the main sources for the sales of motor cycle products. So my recommendation is that, the company should extend and increase good relationship with all dealers and salesmen. Price Stability: Presently because of Under rate process the distributors are facing different problems. As Under rateof product price creates a great problem in smooth selling, therefore price stability of all product is very much necessary. Availability of marketing executives: In present competitive market situation most of the competitive companies are engaging a big marketing executives to capture the market. In compare with that marketing executives are not sufficient to cover all of the distributors. So marketing executives availability should be ensured. Low price of products: At present the price of Harley-Davidsons products is relatively high in comparing to other competitor companies product. But to capture the market and reach their product to all kind of customers, my recommendation is that, Walton should reduce somewhat their product price. Recommendation of the study: 1. Standard Advertisement Advertisement plays a vital role to run any business well. But in my survey, I have found hat the advertisement of Harley-Davidsons is not satisfactory at all. So the company should pay more attention to advertising. 2. Quality of the products: From my survey I came to know that the of some products of Harley-Davidsons is very low. Some products create disturb even two or three months after selling. If Walton wants to exist in the market for long time and face the competition, it must concentrate on better quality products. Continuous customer contact and monitoring is essential. 4 Integrated Marketing Communication (IMC) must be used. 5. Customer attraction and retention policy should be modified. 6. To identify new area where the product is not available. At last I want to say that the company should practice Total quality management (TQM) properly. Conclusion: merely put, strategic planning determine where an organization is going over the next year or more, Harley Davidson how its going to get there and how itll know if it got there or not. The focus of a planned plan is usually on the whole organization, while the focus of a business plan is typically on a particular product, service or program. There are a variety of perspective, model and approaches used in strategic planning. The way that a strategic plan is residential depends on the nature of the organization leadership, culture of the organization, complexity of the organizations environment, size of the organization, expertise of planners, etc. For example, there are a variety of strategic planning models, as well as goals-based, issues-based, organic, scenario some would state that circumstances planning are more a method than model. goals-based planning is most likely the most common and starts with focus on the organizations mission and vision, values, goals to work toward the mission, strategies to achieve the goals, and act setting up who will do what and by when. Issues-based strategic planning often starts by examining issues facing in the Harley Davidson organization, strategies to address those issues, and action plans. Organic strategic planning might start by articulating the organizations vision and values and then action plans to achieve the vision while adhering to those values. Some planners prefer a particular approach to planning, eg, appreciative inquiry. Some plans are scoped to one year, many to three years, and some to five to ten years into the future. Some plans comprise only top-level in order and no action plans. Some plans are five to eight pages long, even as others can be significantly longer.

Love in L.A. and ?M? is for Moon Among Other Things :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  For Jake and Alfred, the male characters from Love in L.A. and â€Å"M† is for Moon Among Other Things, respectively, reality is far from their perception of the good life. Both men dream of living quite differently from the one they have been leading, yet neither deserve what they desire. Jake and Alfred are a true example of getting what one deserves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While the situations are very dissimilar, the dreams and desires are very common, stereotypical fantasies. Jake conjures up a perfect automobile in his mind, along with a sheik lifestyle to accompany it. Alfred shares secret, fictitious conversations with Marilyn Monroe in his head.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While wasting away in bumper-to-bumper traffic in Los Angeles, Jake seeps into his own little world, imagining all the joys of having the perfect car. Initially this is understandable as he needed â€Å"something better than this ‘58 Buick he drove.† (Gilb 628) But the fantasy goes beyond a newer, safer car with a better radio and heater. He also wanted to have â€Å"crushed velvet interior with electric controls,† which would require him to lead an entirely different lifestyle. (Gilb 628) What Jake wanted was to be wealthy, surrounded by loose women, and enjoy the freedom that money could buy. Rather than sitting in traffic on a daily basis, only to toil long hours at a useless job. Instead of working as an underpaid peon, he could revel in â€Å"exotic colognes, plush, dark nightclubs, maitais and daquiris, necklaced ladies in satin gowns, misty and sexy like in a tequila ad.† (Gilb 628)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Alfred suffers from his own delusions as well. Understandably, he is tired, bored, and perhaps annoyed at the monotony of sleeping next to the same woman for so many years, for working the same old job just about as long, and also toiling through a gruesome daily commute. Just as Jake had formed his ultimate fantasy, so had Alfred is, â€Å"a Smooth-as-Silk Beauty as Fast as they Come.† (Stoppard 942) While the reference refers to an automobile advertisement, it can also be seen as his ideal dream of being close to Marilyn Monroe. Alfred is farther gone into his fictitious world than Jake, however.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The middle aged man took his desire to a near-insane level, developing entire conversations with her. After hearing of the actress’ untimely demise, Alfred explains to her spirit that â€Å"[she] shouldn’t have trusted them, they’re all rotten.† (Stoppard 944) He may be referencing the fans, the reporters, her employers, or her lovers, but whomever Alfred is speaking of is irrelevant.

Revision Rich Essay -- essays research papers fc

Revision In Adrienne Rich's essay "When We Dead Awaken: Writing as Re-vision", the author writes about her personal experience as a woman writer in a male dominated society. Her essay consists of poems, which she had written throughout different times in her life, to demonstrate the transformation in her writing. As a woman writer in a male dominated society, Rich begins writing in the traditional style, "the man's way," but as she continues writing, Rich breaks from these traditional styles to form her own. Like Freire, Rich believes people should break from society and be able to think and question things for themselves. While Freire wants to change the educational system, Rich wants to change writing. Both Freire and Rich want to break from the traditional ways of the past. Rich believes that women need to break from the enduring attitudes of traditions which society has placed upon them. Rich is upset with the limitations placed on women in society, particularly i n marriage. It is for this reason that the themes of many of Rich's poems are advice for women to live life for themselves, listening only to what their hearts tell them. The three poems "Aunt Jennifer's Tigers," "Snapshots of a Daughter-in-Law" and "Planetarium" are analyzed to demonstrate the changes in Rich's way of writing. Rich wrote "Aunt Jennifer's Tigers" in 1951, while she was a student. At this time in her life she conforms to tradition in her writing, and tries not to identify herself as a female poet. Rich does not identify herself as a female poet by detaching herself from her character and allowing her character to accept the life that man has placed upon woman. Rich's writing is constrained by man because she allows her character to be oppressed by man and does not make her a conscious being of oppression. In "Aunt Jennifer's Tigers", Rich writes about a woman who does not break from the accepted roles of society. Aunt Jennifer does not have the freedom to live for herself because of society's expectations on women. The only way for Jennifer to free herself is by making up a fantasy world. The author writes about the universal issues involved in the relationship between men and women, in where woman is a slave to man. Rich writes "the massive w... ...s the writer of the essay. Rich criticizes and critiques her own poems to demonstrate the differences in her writing. She transformed language by breaking the traditional views and by writing about man's power over women. At first it prevented her from writing the way she wanted just because she was a woman. Society did not expect a women to have a job as a writer instead writing was considered as a hobby for women. Rich had been taught that society considered poetry to be "universal" meaning non-female. Because Rich had been taught that poetry was "universal" it was very hard for her to write the things that she wanted too. Rich lost herself to society, becoming a mother and a wife and not being able to write as much as she liked. After a couple of years she divorced her husband and found herself again. As a result, Rich is her own teacher. She taught herself to have the courage to rebel against society and become a conscious being. Works Cited Rich, Adrienne. "When We Dead Awaken: Writing as Re-Vision". Ways of Reading. Ed. John Sullivan. Boston: Bedford, 1999. 601-615.

Media Stereotyping of Men and Women Essays -- Media Stereotyping of Ge

Throughout society, men and women have been expected to live by guidelines consisting of media generated ideas and ways of living out life. Both men and women’s thinking process are being altered the negative effects of society’s mass media. For both sexes, this repeating negative exposure causes a constant downfall in self-image and creates media influenced decisions that lead to unhealthy lifestyles. The media effects the thinking process of both men and women in negative ways therefore media needs to be heavily regulated.  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Today’s young men are increasingly being influenced by the harming mass media. Starting at a young age, these young boys are big active users of many types of media such as watching countless number of hours of television, movies, and sports programs, listening to radio programs and CDs, and playing violent video games. These boys are increasingly surfing the Internet at record numbers unsupervised. All of these forms of media are making huge influential decisions in their lives. Young males are least likely to read beneficial sources of media such as newspapers and magazines. We live in a society that often sends many confusing and contradicting messages to males. These young people that are taking in large amounts of media experience a contradiction between their own reality and media’s messages. These young men are bombarded with advertisements and media based ideas that can harm and alter the way young men operate. Our young men of o...

Stock and Long Term Trend

Team 1 Monmouth Case 1. Is Robertson a good candidate for Monmouth (assuming the price is right)? Why? Yes. Robertson Tool Company had been going through a few years of low sales and profit, and, coupled with conservative financial and accounting practices, was far behind the normal growth rate for companies in its industry. Robertson’s 50% control of the market for clamps and vises, along with its good position in the scissors and shears’ $200 million market, let it compliment the diverse holdings of Monmouth.These are attractive attributes of Robertson, but the selling point lies in the distribution network consisting of 2,100 wholesalers and 15,000 retail outlets. The Robertson products are sold in 137 countries worldwide. This avenue to market Monmouth and Robertson products across resources could lead to above average growth and profits. 2. Estimate a WACC for the acquisition. Invested Capital| ? | $37,696,000 | ? | ? | ? | Debt| | $12,000,000 | | | ? | Equity| | $ 25,696,000 | | | ? | ?| | | | | ? | Current market price| | $44 | | | ? |Shares outstanding| | 584,000| | | ? | ?| | | | | ? | Unlevered Beat of Comparables| | 0. 725| | | ? | Debt/Capital of Comparables| | 32%| | | ? | Levered Beta| | 0. 86| | | ? | Risk free rate| | 4. 10%| | | ? | MRP| | 6. 0%| | | ? | ?| | | | | ? | Cost of equity| | 9. 28%| | | ? | ?| | | | | ? | Sources of capital| | | Weights| | After-tax cost| Debt| | | 31. 83%| | 3. 64%| Equity| | | 68. 17%| | 9. 28%| ?| | | | | ? | YTM| 6. 070%| Tax Rate| 40%| WACC| 7. 5%| 3. Discuss whether you think the forecast prepared by Vincent and Rudd is reasonable. Why? Be specific.We think the forecast is not reasonable since they forecast was too optimistic and subject of their sales growth. a) The growth rate estimate in the future they use is approximately 6%. The current growth rate is just 2% that cannot be increased as 2 times as large in a short time, although it might increase due to the sales increase after the merge and acquisition of the Monmouth and Robertson. b) NWC should be as a percentage of sales. c) Terminal Growth rate shouldn’t be zero but around 2%. d) The estimations of SG&A cost and COGS are reasonable.The merger and acquisition will result the percentage SG&A and COGS of sales respectively gradually decrease by increasing the manufacture efficiency and inventory turnover. Therefore, we decided to change the growth rate from 6% to 3% in the pro-forma, we will have the value of the firm calculated out from the pro-forma is $50 million instead of $56 million. 4. Prepare a value estimate for Robertson equity using the DCF method and info from steps 2 and 3 above. ?| Actual| Forecasts| ?| 2002| 2003| 2004| 2005| 2006| 2007| ?| | | | | | ? | NOPAT| 1. 8| 2. 4| 3. 1| 3. 8| 4. 2| 4. 4|Plus: Depreciation| 2. 1| 2. 3| 2. 5| 2. 7| 2. 9| 2. 9| Less: CAPEX| | -4| -3. 5| -3. 6| -3. 8| -2. 9| Less: Change in NWC| -1. 4| -1. 5| -1. 6| -1. 6| 0. 0| Firm Free Cash Flow| -0. 7| 0. 6| 1. 3| 1. 7| 4. 4| ?| | | | | | ? | ?| | | | | | 81. 9| Firm Value (millions)| 85. 95| | | | Terminal g| 2%| Less: Debt| 12| | | | | ? | Equity Value| 73. 95| | | | | ? | Shares Outstanding| 584000| | | | | ? | Price per share| 12. 66| ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 5. Estimate a value for Robertson equity based on the comparables approach. | Actuant Corp. | Briggs & Stratton| Idex Corp. | Lincoln Electric| Snap On Inc. Stanley Works| Robertson Tool Co. |   | | | | | | |   | Collection Period (days)| 55| 77| 47| 61| 96| 77| 53| Inventory % Sales| 12%| 18%| 13%| 17%| 18%| 16%| 33%|   | | | | | | |   | Operating Margin % Sales| 17%| 13%| 20%| 15%| 10%| 15%| 5%| Return on Capital| 21%| 9%| 10%| 12%| 11%| 14%| 4%|   | | | | | | |   | Times Interest Earned| 3. 8| 3. 2| 7. 1| 11. 5| 7. 8| 9. 3| 3. 5| Debt % Capital| | | | | | |   | ?  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   balance sheet values| 98%| 52%| 30%| 27%| 29%| 40%| 28%| ? market values| 29%| 37%| 20%| 17%| 19%| 24%| 37%| Bond Rating| BB-| BB+| BB B| -| A+| A| -| | | | | | | |   |Value of Firm ($ mil)| $ 712| $ 1,443| $ 1,191| $ 1,145| $ 1,861| $ 3,014| $ 29| EBIAT ($ mil)| 55| 119| 98| 90| 129| 234| 1. 80| EBIAT Multiple| 12. 8| 12. 1| 12. 2| 12. 7| 14. 4| 12. 9| 16. 1|   | | | | | | |   | Share Price| $ 42| $ 42| $ 29| $ 22| $ 26| $ 27| $ 30| Earnings Per Share| 2. 80| 3. 20| 2. 00| 1. 78| 1. 80| 2. 32| 2. 32| Price/Earnings| 15. 0| 13. 1| 14. 5| 12. 4| 14. 4| 11. 6| 13. 5| Average p/e multiple is 13. 5 Use the p/e multiple to multiply Robertson’s earning per share=13. 5*2. 32=31. 32 Now Robertson issued 584,000 shares So the equity value is 18,290,880 6.What price will be necessary to gain the support of the Robertson family, Simmons, and the majority of shareholders? What are the interests, concerns, alternatives for each group? . | Robertson| Simmons| Majority of SHs| Price| $32. 82| $50| $30| Interest| Distribution system| Interested in electrical equipment, tools, nonferrous metals, and rubber products| To improve the EPS of Monmouth in the next five years. | Concerns| A relatively poor sales and profit performance| NDP Stock price fluctuates| Poor company Performance Relative to the Industtry| Alternatives| NDP, Simmons, Monmouth| 133000 shares| NDP vs Monmouth| . Does Monwouth have an advantage over NDP in the bidding contest? Do you think NDP will raise its offer in response to Monmouth offer? The synergies created by a merger between Monmouth and Robertson are clearly greater than that of NDP. As a publisher and manufacturer of auto parts, the benefits would not be as many as that of Monmouth. NDP must consider how much it is willing to spend or borrow in order to make a bid greater than Monmouth. If Simmons receives his $50/share, he will be accepting of the merger, and support Monmouth.This will turn the favor to Monmouth, as an acquisition by NDP would surely devalue the resources of Robertson instead of using synergies created by mixing markets and offering new, complimenting , product lines. In fact, as Robertson is undervalued in the market because of unsystematic latencies and inefficiencies, the $50/share price demanded by Simmons might be less than the long-term gain inherent in the merger of Robertson and Monmouth. 8. What price can Monmouth pay without harming its long term trend in earnings per share ? Finance texts focus on net present value of cash flow to make investment decisions.Are companies therefore foolish if they make acquisitions based at least in part on earnings per share impact? First, we need to forecast Robertson’s net income if it is acquired by Monmouth, assuming its interest expenses will be $0. 8 million for the next five years. Second, we will forecast Monmouth’s total net income after acquisition of Robertson. Monmouth must raise funds to make this acquisition. The company anticipated making the acquisition by issuing stocks. Thus, we will calculate how many shares Monmouth should issue without harming its long term trend in earnings per share, and total shares outstanding after acquisition.We know that currently stocks of Monmouth and Robertson closed at $24 and $44, respectively; therefore, we can calculate the exchange ratio as $44/$24=1. 83x. If Monmouth acquired the entire Robertson by an exchange of stocks at a price of $44 per share, the shares that Monmouth needs to issue is 1. 07 (1. 83*0. 584) million. As a result, Monmouth’s total shares outstanding after acquisition would increase to 5. 28 (4. 21+1. 07) million. Now we know the total net income and total shares outstanding after acquisition, we can then calculate the after-merge earnings per share of Monmouth.According to the table below, the row in green shows that the after-merge EPS is lower than the before-merge EPS during the first two years, but will become higher in the following three years. Therefore, if we paid $44 per share for Robertson’s stocks, we can acquire the entire Robertson’s stocks wit hout harming Monmouth’s long term trend in earnings per share. Using the same techniques, we can estimate the price range that Monmouth can pay without harming its long term trend in earnings per share.We can use the Goal Seek function in Excel to estimate the highest exchange ratio. As you will see in the table below, the exchange ratio can increase up to 1. 98x without harming Monmouth’s long term trend in earnings per share. Therefore, using the exchange ratio of 1. 98x, we can estimate the per share price paid for Robertson’s stocks. The estimated price would be $47. 52 (1. 98*24) per share, higher than Robertson’s current trading price of $44, therefore will attract the shareholders of Robertson’s to sell; but still on’t harm Monmouth’s long term trend in earnings per share. However, EPS plays very little role in deciding whether an acquisition is good or not, since a company’s net income after acquisition and total shares outstanding can be affected by many factors. Acquisition will bring synergies to the acquiring company, such as cost savings and efficiency. Also, the acquiring company may not need to buy the entire target company’s outstanding stocks to gain control. As a result, EPS could also change due to these factors. Thus, NPV is a better alternative to value an investment.

Preparing Your Classroom For The ELL Student

With many civilizations represented in today ‘s schoolrooms and schools it is important for an pedagogue to be cognizant of the functions cultural background and English proficiency drama on course of study development and schoolroom direction. Educators in this class will analyze cultural factors that must be considered when taking a theoretical account of bringing of direction, interacting with parents, implementing effectual schoolroom direction techniques, and developing school-wide subject policies. Applying cognition gained from a assortment of beginnings, pedagogues will be able to show their apprehension by measuring and modifying course of study and stuffs to do them accessible to 2nd linguistic communication scholars.Learning Results:The pupil will be able to: Discourse the impact parental engagement has on an English Language Learners ‘ and/or Bilingual Learners ‘ attitude and behaviour Develop effectual ways in which to affect parents in a meaningful mode Evaluate cultural issues for their impact on pupil behaviour, teacher response and the classroom/school environments Evaluate cultural issues and depict how they impact schoolroom and school policies for subject Examine scheduling options and analyse their consequence on the schoolroom scene and the theoretical account of bringing of direction Apply pertinent larning theories in order to measure and modify schoolroom stuffs to do the course of study accessible to English Language Learners and Bilingual Learners Reflect on their single instruction manner, pupils ‘ civilization, pupils ‘ acquisition manners and territory policies as they pertain to programming, subject and schoolroom directionOnline Learning with Full Instructor FacilitationOur establishment maintains an on-line platform that automatically grades pupil pre- and post-assessments, proctors their engagement in the talk, and awards them recognition when they post in the treatment country. Teachers will supervise the advancement and quality of work the pupils provide, including the threaded treatments, and will supply feedback and measure the midterm and concluding undertakings.Weekly Online Lecture Assignments:Week 1Text Reading: Read about Parental Involvementhypertext transfer protocol: //epsl.asu.edu/epru/documents/EPSL-0801-250-EPRU.pdf Promoting ELL Parental Involvement: Challenges in Contested Times hypertext transfer protocol: //www.colorincolorado.org/families For FamiliesWatch Video ClipsClip 1: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.colorincolorado.org/webcasts/preschool – Interview with Rebecca Palacious, webcast and transcript Clip 2: Preschool with ELL portion II Assignment: After reading the article and the information on Colorin Colorado ‘s For Families subdivision, reexamine the recommendations on page 16 of Parental Involvement pdf. Focus on the 3rd bulleted point ( Support the professional readying of teachersaˆÂ ¦ ) and with that in head outline a plan to be used to link parents to a subject covered in your course of study or in the For Families subdivision. In the assignment province the course of study subject and why parental engagement would be good. How would you continue with placing the assorted functions that parents could hold in the bringing of the lessons and units related to the course of study subject? What impact would you anticipate this type of parental engagement to hold upon the parents, the pupils and the school as a whole? Discussion Board: Students must subject one alone remark each hebdomad in respects to each of the assigned text reading and answer to a fellow pupil ‘s remarks at least twice each hebdomad. The remarks should associate to the stuff the text reading discusses. Each remark should be at least three sentences in length. The hebdomad ends Sunday at 9:00 p.m.Week 2Text Reading: Read about Classroom direction and cultural issueshypertext transfer protocol: //4faculty.org/includes/108r2.jsp Classroom Management hypertext transfer protocol: //wik.ed.uiuc.edu/index.php/Culturally_responsive_classroom_management Culturally antiphonal schoolroom direction hypertext transfer protocol: //www.intime.uni.edu/multiculture/curriculum/culture/Teaching.htm Culturally antiphonal instructionWatch Video ClipsClip 1: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=uKsz8yBdCvM Cultural Consciousness Assignment: What does it intend to be culturally antiphonal? What is the relationship between culturally antiphonal instruction and culturally antiphonal schoolroom direction? Prior to reading these texts what was your definition of culturally antiphonal instruction or schoolroom direction? How and why have you revised your stance based upon the readings and picture? Use examples to back up your place. Discussion Board: Students must subject one alone remark each hebdomad in respects to each of the assigned text reading and answer to a fellow pupil ‘s remarks at least twice each hebdomad. The remarks should associate to the stuff the text reading discusses. Each remark should be at least three sentences in length. The hebdomad ends Sunday at 9:00 p.m.Week 3Text Reading: Read about programming optionshypertext transfer protocol: //blogs.edweek.org/edweek/learning-the-language/2008/06/research_on_pushin_versus_push.html Education Week, Research on Push In Versus Pull Out hypertext transfer protocol: //www.cal.org/resources/digest/rennie01.html Center for Applied Linguistics, ESL and Bilingual Program Models– Video Cartridge holdersClip 1: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=Ty3n07UaFUU & A ; feature=relatedNew Instructional Strategies Helps ELLs SucceedClip 2: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=THQRIs3_HMk & A ; feature=relatedApplied Differentiation Assignment: How are classroom direction and course of study execution influenced by the bringing of ESL/Bilingual direction being push in or draw out? Which signifier of bringing do you prefer and why? Discussion Board: Students must subject one alone remark each hebdomad in respects to each of the assigned text reading and answer to a fellow pupil ‘s remarks at least twice each hebdomad. The remarks should associate to the stuff the text reading discusses. Each remark should be at least three sentences in length. The hebdomad ends Sunday at 9:00 p.m.Midterm Project DueWeek 4Text Reading: Read about Schema Theoryhypertext transfer protocol: //www.cluteinstitute-onlinejournals.com/PDFs/2006100.pdf Schema Theory and L2 Reading Comprehension: Deductions for Teaching hypertext transfer protocol: //www2.yk.psu.edu/~jlg18/506/SchemaTheory.pdf Introduction to Schema TheoryWatch Video ClipsClip 1: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=sShMA85pv8M Abbott and Costello ‘s -Who ‘s on First Assignment: Reread the subdivision Implications and Concluding Remarks. Keeping the baseball subject in head, read the baseball subject pages in See It, Be It, Write It, pages 79-81 and 168-169. Then, answer inquiries 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8, and answer those inquiries as they relate to the baseball subject. Discussion Board: Students must subject one alone remark each hebdomad in respects to each of the assigned text reading and answer to a fellow pupil ‘s remarks at least twice each hebdomad. The remarks should associate to the stuff the text reading discusses. Each remark should be at least three sentences in length. The hebdomad ends Sunday at 9:00 p.m.Week 5Text Reading: Read about doing course of study accessible to ELL and Bilingual pupilshypertext transfer protocol: //www.njtesol-njbe.org/announcements/lit_position_paper.pdf Literacy and English Language Learners in New Jersey Schools hypertext transfer protocol: //www.doe.in.gov/lmmp/pdf/ELL_literacy_development.pdf U.S. Department of Education: ELL Literacy and Language DevelopmentWatch Video ClipsClip 1: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.teachertrainingvideos.com/ Assignment: Given an test, choice two inquiries and explicate how you could back up the pupil ‘s unwritten linguistic communication and background cognition in order to ease command of the construct assessed in those inquiries. Select three inquiries and explicate how you could modify them for usage with ELL and/or bilingual pupils. Use at least two resources from the teachertrainingvideos.com web site to back up your alterations. Discussion Board: Students must subject one alone remark each hebdomad in respects to each of the assigned text reading and answer to a fellow pupil ‘s remarks at least twice each hebdomad. The remarks should associate to the stuff the text reading discusses. Each remark should be at least three sentences in length. The hebdomad ends Sunday at 9:00 p.m.Week 6Text Reading: Read about cultural positionshypertext transfer protocol: //ncrtl.msu.edu/http/sreports/sr293.pdf NCRTL Particular Report: Educating Teachers for Cultural Diversity. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.enquirer.com/discipline/disciplineday3main.html The Inquirer: School Discipline hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sasked.gov.sk.ca/docs/physed/physed1-5/ep_perspective3.html Personal Social and Cultural Perspective in Physical EducationWatch Video ClipsClip 1: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.youtube.com/watch? v=ji5_MqicxSo & A ; feature=related Randy Pausch Last Lecture: Achieving Your Childhood Dreams Assignment: After reading the three articles, choose 2 subjects that connect the readings. Explain the subject and the connexions. Reread the particular study in order to place two things that have changed since it was published in the 1990s and two state of affairss that still exist. Finally describe an case in your school, territory or your educational life that relates to one of the readings and the picture cartridge holder. What is the relationship? Discussion Board: Students must subject one alone remark each hebdomad in respects to each of the assigned text reading and answer to a fellow pupil ‘s remarks at least twice each hebdomad. The remarks should associate to the stuff the text reading discusses. Each remark should be at least three sentences in length. The hebdomad ends Sunday at 9:00 p.m.Final Undertaking DueDiscussion Board:Students must subject one alone remark each hebdomad in respects to each of the assigned text reading and answer to a fellow pupil ‘s remarks at least twice each hebdomad. The remarks should associate to the stuff the text reading discusses. Each remark should be at least three sentences in length. The hebdomad ends Sunday at 9:00 p.m. Pacific Daylight Time If a pupil works in front during the six hebdomad class they should still post every hebdomad for the automatic marking package to number the posters. Students are reminded to look into the proclamation subdivision of the treatment board often for points of involvement from the module. Students are besides reminded to utilize the electronic mail, non the treatment board, to inquire inquiries or do remarks directed to their facilitator.Methods of direction: Percentage of Course CreditVideo Lectures 20 % Textbook/Articles Readings 10 % Midterm project 25 % Final undertaking 30 % Discussion Board interaction ( hebdomadal entries ) 10 % Engagement 5 %Rating criteria/system and rating activities:A class decision maker will be reexamining pupils ‘ replies and supplying feedback. Students will be evaluated on their creativeness and ability to integrate techniques from the talk into the treatment board, research documents, illustrations and lesson programs.University Grading CriteriaGrade Equivalent 97-100 % A+ 93-96 % Angstrom 90-92 % A- 87-89 % B+ 83-86 % B 80-82 % B- 77-79 % C+ 73-76 % C 70-72 % C- 69 % or below UAttendance/ParticipationIt is expected that pupils will go to all instructional Sessionss, required activities, and field assignments.Students who do non go to the first dark of category AND do non advise the teacher in progress will be dropped from the class and possibly charged a class bead fee.University Computer Lab/Library ServicesPlease refer to Section VI in the Student Handbook.Disability ServicessPlease refer to Section VII in the Student Handbook.Due day of the months of major assignments, undertakings, and scrutinies:Midterm Due Dates:Final Due Dates:Discussion Board Interaction: One alone remark and one response to a pupils remark by Sunday of each hebdomad.MIDTERM PROJECTDate Due:Look at your current instruction agenda and your lesson programs. How flexible have those guidelines and timeframes become due to alterations in the school agenda that are the consequence of the inclusion of ELLs or Bilingual pupils in the general instruction categories? How are schedules different in categories where the bringing of direction is pull out as compared to and/or contrasted with push in plans? How make your presently supply services to the 2nd linguistic communication scholars in your schoolroom? How is direction provided to such pupils throughout the school and the territory? Which theoretical account do you prefer for yourself, the instructor, and why? Which theoretical account do you prefer for the pupils and why?FINAL UndertakingDate Due:Based on the constructs presented in this class, analyse your schoolroom and your school ‘s subject program. Include a treatment on how you communicate your outlooks to the pupils and parents. How do you make out to the parents/guardians of the ELL and Bilingual pupils? What has been tried and successful? What can be improved based on what you have learned? How has the inclusion of ELL/Bilingual pupils in the general instruction puting impacted schoolroom direction and subject? Why may classroom direction and subject be handled otherwise in general instruction categories, in ELL categories or in Bilingual categories? Should at that place be differences in attacks? Why or why non? Submit a paper in APA manner that is between 6-8 pages, non numbering the screen page or mention page.

Discuss the issue Ethical Business and How it relates to csr Essay

Discuss the issue Ethical Business and how it relates to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). With reference to sources, provide examples of companies or organisations which demonstrate ethical behaviour and evaluate their motivation. The ideas of Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility are oftentimes discussed in a similar manner even though they both have distinctly different definitions. As the name suggests, the term ethical business or business ethics is associated with a mixture of both ‘ethics’ and ‘business’. According to Oxford English Dictionary (2010) a business is the buying and selling of products or services with an aim of profit making. Ethics, on the other hand is more complex in that it involves human judgment, between what is right and wrong, in regards to activities and their consequences towards the society (Velasquez, et al. , 2010). Chryssides and Kaler (1993) have drawn attention to the fact that in the same way that political ethics is related to honouring the right and wrong in governmental concerns, or medical ethics being identified with the morality in medical practice, business ethics can simply be defined as the issue of morality within the business industry whereby â€Å"morality is taken to mean moral judgments, standards and rules of conduct† (Ferrell and Fraedrich, 1997, p. 5). Therefore, ethical business can now be defined as the ethics or principles that act as one’s behavioral rules and regulations when dealing in the world of business (Ferrell, et al. , 2010). On the other hand, reference to The World Business Council for Sustainable Development explains CSR by putting across that a business has responsibilities and obligations that go beyond the workplace (WBCSD, 2001). This essentially signifies the voluntary duty that organisations participate in to fulfill the demands of a broader range of stakeholders (Jamali and Mirshak, 2006). Based on the definitions stated above, it would seem that CSR and business ethics share similar theories, considering the fact that both of their notions go further than profit-based decisions and into values along with concerns for the society as a whole (Mullerat, 2010). Having said that, it is certainly interesting to see that most people are inclined to link CSR with the positive operations of a firm yet when a business engages in a non-moral act, they set the stunt side by side with business ethics or rather, the lack of (Crane and Matten, 2010). The question of how business ethics relates to CSR can now be evaluated more closely. Some examples of issues in ethical business as well as CSR include harming the environment and sweatshop labour on top of fraud, health and safety and campaigning (IBE/Ipsos MORI 2009, cited in Irwin, 2010). This essay will comprehensively explore the motivations of firms that have demonstrated brilliant presentations of business ethics, such as Microsoft Inc. as well as examining the motives behind their ethical decisions. Additionally, it will also look at other corporations that have been linked with having high regards to ethics in business yet have been accused in making poor business choices in the recent years, for instance H&M’s disposal of unsold clothing items in New York in 2010 (Daily Mail Reporter, 2010). Until recent years, Hennes&Mauritz, more commonly known as H&M has been highly admired for launching the use of organic cotton into the high street clothing (Vijayaraghavan, 2010). Green Retail Decisions (2011) reports that it even succeeded in surpassing their organic cotton goal usage in 2010 by tripling their original aim, manufacturing 15,000 tonnes of organic cotton. Furthermore, the company was also proud in producing high street attires out of 16,000 tonnes of fabric that have been recycled (Green Retail Decisions, 2011). Be that as it may, when the firm threw away unsold clothes outside of one of its retail outlets, many were not only left appalled but also questioning their business ethics (Daily Mail Reporter, 2010). In the same year, H&M were involved in two more shocking headlines in the news, one of which includes the contamination of the organic cotton textile with GM, and the other being a suspicion of unsustainably made clothes (Vijayaraghavan, 2010). As previously stated, H&M is widely respected for working with organic materials on their products. However, when genetically modified cotton was found in random product test conducted in a research lab, they were left with nothing to be applauded for. Hence, it is clear that this particular case study provides contradicting information on H&M’s aims and motivations towards ethical decision-makings within their business. Even though they have been acceptable in their business ethics, for many of their stakeholders, the four issues specified above may heavily indicate otherwise. Another good example of a company with a similar situation is Coca Cola alongside its recent endeavours with ethical crises. Ferrel et al. (2011), in their book write that the company has been facing various allegations regarding their ethical misdemeanours since the 1990s, some of which include racial prejudice, pollution and consumption of natural resources. The claim against one of the world’s most acknowledged beverage companies, Coca Cola, otherwise known as Coke, for the practice of racial discrimination within their working environment was taken to court in April 1999 (Winter, 2000). In his article, Winter (2000) reports that Coke practiced a method of pay scale that is based upon a hierarchy whereby employees of African American background were situated at the bottom, earning $26,000 on average less than white workers in a year. Although the company denied all charges at the time, the public was clearly upset, resulting in a decline of their shares at the end of the 90’s (Fairfield, 2007). As a consequence of this, Coca Cola lost one of their main investors and biggest shareholder of 17 years, Warren Buffet in 2006 (Teather, 2006). Having their reputation jeopardised, Coca Cola announced the establishment of a new department to their company, the diversity group (The New York Times, 1999). Since the formation of this group, Coca Cola has been voted 46th on the DiversityInc’s top 50 list of businesses with the best practices along with coming 6th in The DiversityInc Top 10 Companies for Blacks and Latinos (DiversityInc, 2012). In addition to this, Black Enterprise magazine has also awarded the organisation with numerous awards honouring their commitment to establish a working environment that is accepting of different cultures along with featuring the company in the Black Enterprise magazine’s yearly 40 Best Companies for Diversity list (Staff, 2012). DiversityInc (2012) also reports that Coca Cola donates forty percent of their humanitarian effort to culturally diverse non-profit organisations, such as their recent contribution to the Martin Luther King, Jr. National Memorial Project Foundation. With that in mind, their ethics in business can be considered as acceptable to the public eye and it is almost unthinkable to think that they were accused of race-related discrimination just over a decade ago. The cases of H&M and Coca Cola are referred to in this essay to express the similarity in their questionable motives. H&M’s claim of being environmentally conscious with their utilisation of organic cotton within their business proves irrelevant after being caught with immoral acts that were stated earlier. The genuineness of their principles in business ethics is flawed by this flagrant contradiction since one would argue that if their sense of responsibility for the environment were great, they would not be accountable for such unethical activities. On the other hand, Coca Cola only responded to possessing ethics in their business environment after being sued and attracting negative media attention, not including the obvious decline in their sales even though they still remained as the world’s leading carbonated cola in 2006 (Fairfield, 2007). Thus, similarly the sincerity behind Coca Cola’s motive to develop a diversity group and their emphasis in cultural acceptance is also suspicious because these were only developed and implemented after the public uproar. Although it may be surprising, Microsoft Inc. can also be compared to Coca Cola and H&M to an extent in terms of the motivations behind their CSR works as well as business ethics practices. The co-founder and chairman of Microsoft Inc. , Bill Gates is widely known and celebrated for his great donations to the public. In 2011, Microsoft Inc. won the award for being ‘Most Ethical, beating Google and Facebook after making donations of millions of dollars to non profit organisations and charities, establishing plans of actions for economic development as well as heightening their means of central reporting procedures (Smith, 2011). Having said all this, it is shocking to note that only just 15 years ago, a board experts at a panel in a well-known seminar held in California could not answer and decide whether Microsoft Inc. were an ethical corporation. (Spinello, 2003). Spinello (2003) continues to write that not only were the panel of experts unsure of the answer, the audience, who were consisted of scholarly representatives did not know how to respond either. This is because Microsoft Inc. has been involved in an antitrust inspection worldwide and some Americans have referred to this event as the â€Å"antitrust trial of the century† (Mota, 2005). The antitrust laws, otherwise known as competition laws were introduced by the American government to protect customers from being exploited by companies who practice unfair competition in the market (Investopedia, 2011). Gates is also the primary shareholder in America’s second biggest waste administration called the Republic Services (O’Hagan, 2013). In her article O’Hagan (2013) questions how the co-founder of the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation can spread the word to publicise vaccinations for poliomyelitis, a disease that can cause a temporary or permanent paralysis while â€Å"Republic Services is locking out its workers as part of an industrial dispute†, a policy that may put a risk to the Americans’ sanitary. There is no doubt that Microsoft Inc. ’s involvement in charity work over the years have been generous and can be regarded as a model example of a company who takes their corporate social responsibilities seriously. However, it is also evident that while their voluntary organisations are remarkable, their business practice leaves with less to be awed for. Hence, similar to the H&M case brought up previously, there is a contradiction between Microsoft’s work with charity and some of their immoral activities in the workplace. It is also comparable to Coca Cola in that it only came to be involved in large ‘corporate citizenship’ after the aftermath from their antitrust cases (Smith, 2011). It is safe to say that most companies are fighting to prove their good works through all types of methods, charity works in the case of Microsoft Inc. as well as forming a new diversity department in the case of Coca Cola. With thousands of other corporations yearning to prove their sincerity in making ethical decisions and practicing moral behaviour in the workplace, it is becoming tougher to examine just how responsible and principled an organisation is (Kwan, 2012). Kwan (2012) writes that this issue can be solved with the help of a B Corp certification. B Corp stands for Benefit Corporations, which is one of the latest kinds of corporate structure, acting as a third party classification to calculate the effects of an organisation to the environment (Fritz, 2013). Balch (2012) argues that the term benefit not only considers social and environmental aspects of a business but also its financial side as well, where he insists that 21st century capitalism would be a hybrid of generating social value together with maximising financial returns. B Corps essentially â€Å"provides what is lacking elsewhere: proof† to support that the specific company is in actual fact practicing what is proclaimed by them, hence, useful for firms whose focus is to not only make profit but also putting social and environmental interest a primary concern while doing so (Rosenberg, 2011). Although certifying B Corps to sincere businesses with aims of increasing positive social and environmental impacts sound fair, smaller and newer companies may say otherwise (Akalp, 2011). In their academic journal, Helsey et al. (2013) report that a company must be prepared to invest on their time and money to obtain the status. Depending on the area that they are operating in, the business must able to relate themselves with certain criteria listed, such as â€Å"providing low-income or undeserved individuals or communities with beneficial products or services† (Helsey et al, 2013). Fritz (2013) also confirms that a company must be assessed in accordance to the B Ratings System in which they must score at least 80 points out of 200 on top of consenting to changes in their legal articles of incorporation. Furthermore, there is a fee involved, which varies depending on the revenue of the firm (Akalp, 2013). This implies that organisations with strong awareness and appreciation of responsibilities may choose not to be certified with B Corps and thus put across a sense of false portrayal to companies without the B Corp certificate (Akalp, 2013). Therefore, it can be argued that larger companies with a higher source of income can afford to pay more to be certified. In addition to this, there have also been criticisms on the marking boundaries of the certification process. As stated earlier, companies need to score a point of 80 out of the maximum 200. Horatio (2012) disputes that this only indicates a 40% passing score for a company to be certified, which he claims as â€Å"not much of a standard† and â€Å"essentially worthless†. With that in mind, a case could be made that there is now a limitation to the authenticity of the certificate since large companies can afford to pay their way through the process and most probably pass the low 40% passing requirement. The purpose of this essay has been to convey that most companies, regardless of their past, recent or current reputation are never completely ethical in their business activities and that in one way or another, they have been associated with its share of moral negligence. With the examples used in the essay, it is safe to say that most companies that operate in what is considered to be as ethical to the public are only doing so to receive public attractions, and consequently earn more profits and success to the company. It is important to draw attention to the fact that there is a fundamental difference between what a company does and what their beliefs are. Just because a company is praised for their CSR related activities and was voted amongst the best of companies with high business ethics performance, this does not indicate that they are doing so for the sake of the planet or the people. If anything, this essay has been stating otherwise, demonstrating that most ethically responsible organisations are only involved in ethical activities to draw consumers in, thus, increase their profit.